MDPOD - Masson du Parc Online Database

Fish, as depicted, are large and small. The small ones are dried in the sun without salt and sold by weight in the markets. The large ones are salted like dried cod, but less salt is used, and they are dried for sale. It has an unbearable stench, and is sold for 15 to 20 rupees, or 1.5 pounds when well salted by Christians or Europeans. It is good in this country, but fresh fish cannot be kept for more than 6 or 7 hours without spoiling. At the mouth of the Ganges, large oysters are fished and used to make lime. Oysters are good in stews. Lime is made from a shell called jonquera, which is as long as a finger and pyramid-shaped. Turtles are caught, but their flesh is not good and very oily. Lime is also made from a white mollusc used for betel and for whitewashing houses. From the foot of the fathoms to Balasore, 12 leagues away, fish are caught in the sea in November, December, January and February. On land, on the banks, they stretch their low-tide nets with 4-foot-high stakes in the ground. They attach their nets to these stakes (margin: these nets form an enclosure) when the sea rises 12 feet during high tides. The fish are then found on the shore, where they are caught with nets before the sea recedes. They often catch many different kinds of fish. In Balasore, there are a few shells of different shapes but not in large quantities. There are a few rivers that flow into the Balasore harbour where there are oysters but not in large quantities. In the Ganges, the fishermen's boats are flat, very long and pointed at both ends. called dingue, which can carry a barrel or two at most. The boats used for fishing in the backwaters and in Balasore are called patia. They are shaped like a long chest with raised ends and a large rudder attached to the stern. The boats are very resistant to the sea and waves and can pass over all the breakers. They are about two feet wide, and pilots often board them to reach ships in the harbour because the ships' boats cannot leave the river. There are usually five men in each boat when they go fishing at sea. They have nets that are 80 to 100 fathoms long. The top of the net is lined with calabashes and the bottom of the net is lined with terracotta balls. They stretch the net out on the sea or in the river, let it drift a certain distance with the current or the tide, then pull the net back into the boat where they find their fish attached to the net. There is another type of net called a speduie, which a man throws onto the surface of the water. It has weights at the bottom and tightens to catch the fish it finds. There is another type of net that is made in a fairly large triangle shape, which is placed on a boat stretched out with two poles, then lowered into the water and lifted up again with a counterweight. Small fish are caught with this net. There is yet another net that is dragged behind a

There are no herrings. There is a species of sardine in the Ganges, but not in large quantities. A few tuna are caught in Balasore. There are no cod, mackerel or salmon as there are in Japan, and there are no trout or sturgeon. No fish is brought to Bengal to be sold. The only fish caught in Bengal are pearls and clams (chanques), which I will discuss below. In Bengal, there is no trade in these commodities. There would be no demand for them if they were brought there. There is no significant trade in pearls in Bengal. All the pearls come from Bardus, which is in the Persian Gulf. Most of them are taken to Surat, and the merchants who trade in them bring them from Surat. Coral does not sell well in Bengal, at least not in large quantities, and those who buy it take it to Goa, Kashmir and Bhutan. Amber sells poorly and is transported to Bhutan and Kashmir. Large clear pieces and jasper are sold by weight in pataques (currency). Ambergris is not widely used except in medicine. The wealthy use it to make remedies. Most of it is transported to the Mughal court and other provinces. The Dutch bring to Bengal a large shell called Clams, which I will discuss below. The Bengalis make bracelets from it for offerings. Most of what is brought to Bengal by sea is transported inland to various provinces. All Indians use coral pearls, ambergris and yellow amber for medicine. Large pearls, large coral and yellow amber are used for their ornaments and for their women. The best catch in Bengal is salt, which is a good source of profit for the people and merchants and a large source of income for the Mughal customs. This salt, which is produced at the mouth of the Ganges in various rivers, is transported by boats to various places after ox caravans transport it throughout the kingdom. No coarse salt is produced. Salt water is boiled to make salt. There is no trade in Bengal in foreign fisheries, except for clams from Toutoucouvindu in the Mannar Strait. Large chanque or shells are brought by the Dutch, who sell them in Bengal for 16 rupees per hundred. Every year, they bring in a hundred thousand, sometimes more, sometimes less. They buy these shells from fishermen and get them very cheaply. They are the masters of this fishery. Small clams are fished between the colony and the lands of a raja named Rani Ramer and Taniavoir, about whom I will speak later in the manner in which these clams are fished.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

other fish whose names I do not know, having spent only a few days on this coast. At the bottom of this bay, the tip of Ceylon is on one side and on the other, the lands of Raja Ram Ramesetuou Malava form a strait called the Mannar Strait. The seabed is rocky. There is only eight to nine feet of water when boats come from the Malabar coast to go to the Coromandel coast. They pass through this strait to avoid the route on the other side of the strait to the south and the bay of Toutoucouvin, where pearls were once fished. There has been no fishing for fifteen years. The sandbar has become covered with sand and killed the oysters. The Dutch are the masters of this fishery. They have several trading posts on this coast. Fishermen who go fishing for large chanques can only sell them to the Dutch at a low price and are strictly forbidden from selling to others under penalty of punishment. Large chanques are called janguis. The Dutch Company and private individuals bring them to Bengal, forty to fifty thousand every year. Sometimes a hundred thousand. They sell for 16 rupees per hundred in Bengal. If the Dutch Company bought them all, it could make more than a hundred thousand, but it only sells about half of what it buys from the fishermen. Shells the colour of pearls are fished in this bay, and various items are made from them on the shore. The natives of the country collect the sand, wash it and extract baroque pearl seeds, which they sell. I have seen some in Madras that are not of great value and are not expensive. They are used for medicine. When the Dutch went pearl fishing every two or three years, they would notify all the fishermen on the coast of Malabar, Toutoucouvin, Malava and Coromandel to come. In January, they would go pearl fishing. Several fishermen would get together in their boats and go to Toutoucouvin. Those who did not have boats were provided with them by the company and anchored their boats at intervals. The divers have a weight attached to a strong rope from the boat to help them reach the bottom. There are four or five fathoms of water, and when the diver has collected enough oysters, he signals by pulling on the rope. Those in the boat pay attention, pull the diver up, and put the oysters in the boat. In the evening, they go ashore and sell two-thirds of their oysters to the [Dutch] company. Merchants buy these oysters at random, leaving them in the sun to open, and then extract the pearls. I do not know the value of this catch. The pearls are not as good or as beautiful as those from Bahrain in the Gulf of Pearls near this island. The fishing takes place every year and the oysters are taken to Surat to be sold, sorted and drilled. Like most of Ceylon, the shores are rocky. Ambergris is collected there as it comes loose from the rocks, but I do not know how much is collected. It is good quality.

On the Maldives islands, cowrie shells are fished along the coast using nets, and divers find them attached to rocks. They still use coconut branches, which they dip into the water and attach to the ground. Every day, they pull up these branches and find cowries attached to them, leave them in the sun or bury them to draw out the poison, and sell the cowries for rice and other necessities. It is estimated that the Maldives have twelve thousand inhabited islands. The inhabitants of each island give the king fifty cowrie shells per year for the right to fish for cowries and fish. Each cowrie shell is worth 9 when each is worth 16 ponis and each ponis is worth 80 cowries. One cowrie shell can be worth four Madras rupees when pulled.The cowries are small and light. Ambergris is also fished. The inhabitants are obliged to give it to the king, as it belongs to him. The inhabitants do not allow it to be sold in secret. It is good ambergris. In the Maldives, they catch large quantities of sea bream, which they cut into pieces as big as large sausages, a palm's length long, and put the fish in the sun without salting it. It becomes like a piece of wood. Then they sell it for 70 lavis per thousand pieces to take to Chin [?], which is 32 rupees. In Chin, they are sold for 10 taels per thousand, which is 70 rupees, sometimes more and sometimes less. Every year, a hundred barrels are extracted, sometimes two hundred. Sea coconuts [?] are also fished, which detach themselves from the rocks that belong to the king. The coconuts are very curious to see. The flesh inside is used for medicine. In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white. In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.

On the Maldives islands, cowrie shells are fished along the coast using nets, and divers find them attached to rocks. They still use coconut branches, which they dip into the water and attach to the ground. Every day, they pull up these branches and find cowries attached to them, leave them in the sun or bury them to draw out the poison, and sell the cowries for rice and other necessities. It is estimated that the Maldives have twelve thousand inhabited islands. The inhabitants of each island give the king fifty cowrie shells per year for the right to fish for cowries and fish. Each cowrie shell is worth 9 when each is worth 16 ponis and each ponis is worth 80 cowries. One cowrie shell can be worth four Madras rupees when pulled.The cowries are small and light. Ambergris is also fished. The inhabitants are obliged to give it to the king, as it belongs to him. The inhabitants do not allow it to be sold in secret. It is good ambergris. In the Maldives, they catch large quantities of sea bream, which they cut into pieces as big as large sausages, a palm's length long, and put the fish in the sun without salting it. It becomes like a piece of wood. Then they sell it for 70 lavis per thousand pieces to take to Chin [?], which is 32 rupees. In Chin, they are sold for 10 taels per thousand, which is 70 rupees, sometimes more and sometimes less. Every year, a hundred barrels are extracted, sometimes two hundred. Sea coconuts [?] are also fished, which detach themselves from the rocks that belong to the king. The coconuts are very curious to see. The flesh inside is used for medicine. In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white. In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.

On the Maldives islands, cowrie shells are fished along the coast using nets, and divers find them attached to rocks. They still use coconut branches, which they dip into the water and attach to the ground. Every day, they pull up these branches and find cowries attached to them, leave them in the sun or bury them to draw out the poison, and sell the cowries for rice and other necessities. It is estimated that the Maldives have twelve thousand inhabited islands. The inhabitants of each island give the king fifty cowrie shells per year for the right to fish for cowries and fish. Each cowrie shell is worth 9 when each is worth 16 ponis and each ponis is worth 80 cowries. One cowrie shell can be worth four Madras rupees when pulled.The cowries are small and light. Ambergris is also fished. The inhabitants are obliged to give it to the king, as it belongs to him. The inhabitants do not allow it to be sold in secret. It is good ambergris. In the Maldives, they catch large quantities of sea bream, which they cut into pieces as big as large sausages, a palm's length long, and put the fish in the sun without salting it. It becomes like a piece of wood. Then they sell it for 70 lavis per thousand pieces to take to Chin [?], which is 32 rupees. In Chin, they are sold for 10 taels per thousand, which is 70 rupees, sometimes more and sometimes less. Every year, a hundred barrels are extracted, sometimes two hundred. Sea coconuts [?] are also fished, which detach themselves from the rocks that belong to the king. The coconuts are very curious to see. The flesh inside is used for medicine. In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white. In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.

On the Maldives islands, cowrie shells are fished along the coast using nets, and divers find them attached to rocks. They still use coconut branches, which they dip into the water and attach to the ground. Every day, they pull up these branches and find cowries attached to them, leave them in the sun or bury them to draw out the poison, and sell the cowries for rice and other necessities. It is estimated that the Maldives have twelve thousand inhabited islands. The inhabitants of each island give the king fifty cowrie shells per year for the right to fish for cowries and fish. Each cowrie shell is worth 9 when each is worth 16 ponis and each ponis is worth 80 cowries. One cowrie shell can be worth four Madras rupees when pulled.The cowries are small and light. Ambergris is also fished. The inhabitants are obliged to give it to the king, as it belongs to him. The inhabitants do not allow it to be sold in secret. It is good ambergris. In the Maldives, they catch large quantities of sea bream, which they cut into pieces as big as large sausages, a palm's length long, and put the fish in the sun without salting it. It becomes like a piece of wood. Then they sell it for 70 lavis per thousand pieces to take to Chin [?], which is 32 rupees. In Chin, they are sold for 10 taels per thousand, which is 70 rupees, sometimes more and sometimes less. Every year, a hundred barrels are extracted, sometimes two hundred. Sea coconuts [?] are also fished, which detach themselves from the rocks that belong to the king. The coconuts are very curious to see. The flesh inside is used for medicine. In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white. In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.

On the Maldives islands, cowrie shells are fished along the coast using nets, and divers find them attached to rocks. They still use coconut branches, which they dip into the water and attach to the ground. Every day, they pull up these branches and find cowries attached to them, leave them in the sun or bury them to draw out the poison, and sell the cowries for rice and other necessities. It is estimated that the Maldives have twelve thousand inhabited islands. The inhabitants of each island give the king fifty cowrie shells per year for the right to fish for cowries and fish. Each cowrie shell is worth 9 when each is worth 16 ponis and each ponis is worth 80 cowries. One cowrie shell can be worth four Madras rupees when pulled.The cowries are small and light. Ambergris is also fished. The inhabitants are obliged to give it to the king, as it belongs to him. The inhabitants do not allow it to be sold in secret. It is good ambergris. In the Maldives, they catch large quantities of sea bream, which they cut into pieces as big as large sausages, a palm's length long, and put the fish in the sun without salting it. It becomes like a piece of wood. Then they sell it for 70 lavis per thousand pieces to take to Chin [?], which is 32 rupees. In Chin, they are sold for 10 taels per thousand, which is 70 rupees, sometimes more and sometimes less. Every year, a hundred barrels are extracted, sometimes two hundred. Sea coconuts [?] are also fished, which detach themselves from the rocks that belong to the king. The coconuts are very curious to see. The flesh inside is used for medicine. In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white. In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.

The fish when sprinkled with salt 24 hours, it's worth green cod. The bad thing is that it is very rare. Sardines different in shape, size and taste from European sardines or the frank sardine (franche) also called cailleux. There are night sardines similar to those of Europe except that they have a small golden stripe from the head to the tail. There is no fish that takes effect more quickly than these sardines. They come in an hour. There are also stingrays similar in the body to the European rays which are not curly and dull as those from the coast of Brittany. The tail of this one is sometimes two fathoms long, thick at the end which sticks to the body like the tip of the little finger and tapers down to the other end. It is a compound of small knots like the edge of a fish covered with a black and very hard film. In addition to the stingray of which I spoke above with a large tail, there is another species which has a little tail. There is above the tail of this stingray a stinger-shape bone which is very poisonous. Those who are stung suffer severe pain, onthe injured part, for nearly 24 hours. There are also fish called captains of two species. There is a species that is fished on the shallows of Grande Terre whose head is better than a calf's head. The captain fished in Martinique are worthless. There are also parrots fish, niggers? food fish? (Manger? n?gre) (There is also a fish called garfish? (orphie). This fish is the aiguille of the Brittany coast, but it is less good here. Satroux, a type of cuttlefish without any bones. Finally, I know several other species of useless fish, but it would take too long to give an exact description of them. A few of these fish above do some harm. There is a species in Guadeloupe called white beard(barbe blanche)which has a good taste, but you mustbe hungry and have nothing to eat to dare to try it because this fish kills wonderfully. To test it, we cook the head, part of the body as well as the liver, which is more dangerous, then we give this head to a dog. If immediately after eating it does not die, we eat it. There are no crocodiles in the Windward Islands. There used to be plenty of lizards there. There are few now.The lizards are made like those in France.The largest are about as big as the arm for the largest of the body and long from the nose to the end of the