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Historical Marine data from the Global South (1720-1730)
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📨 Received (616) 📤 Sent (569) 🐟 Fish (538) 🦐 Invertebrates (266) 🐋 Marine Mammals (178) 🎣 Fishing (389) 🍳 Consumption (142) 💰 Price (25) 🌿 Tamarind (1) 🧂 Salting (102) ☀️ Drying (9) 🎯 Fishing Nets (38)
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Labrus - "Labrus" - [FR: Vieille]

ID: 681 | ID2: 48
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Vieille
Vernacular Name: Labrus
Scientific Name: Labrus
Location: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Region: Caribbean
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Consumption, Use & Preparations
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
It is an excellent fish and when it is well sprinkled with salt twice in 24 hours, it equals the green cod, thazard and beaumes that are caught on the bank.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[?] in Saint-Christophe or in any Windward Islands. This fish has moved away and we no longer see them. We catch a lot of sardines in Saint Christophe. There are two kinds. One which is as big as those in Royan. It has a golden collar and head, a white belly and a green back. It is dangerous to eat and causes death to foreigners and new negroes who are not aware of it. It is only caught in the Windward Islands in the Cayenne and Canaris neighborhoods. The other species is called cayeux and is very good to eat. It is caught down wind of the island along the coast with baskets. It is smaller than the first and less golden. We salt them for Negro food. The English of this island are negligent about fishing and when some French of Saint Christophe come, they bring their fish to sell in the English neighborhoods. Our Frenchmen had several small local canoes equipped with two to three men and went a league away to the town of Basseterre on a bank near Nioeul to line fish for excellent fish, namely sardes, thazards, beaumes and vieilles. These last ones have been seen weighing up to 150 pounds. It is an excellent fish and when it is well sprinkled with salt twice in 24 hours, it equals the green cod, thazard and beaumes that are caught on the bank. They are not harmful but when we take them on the side of the Anse ? Louvet, towards the bottom of Basseterre, they are as dangerous as the golden sardine. Some French inhabitants have nets called senne that they use to catch, apart the above-mentioned fish, some carangues along the coast which are good fish. We see some of the latter weighing up to two hundred pounds. They also go on dark nights with their canoes along the rocks with lit torches to take lobsters which is a large sea crayfish. They also took king thazards, couronn?s, sardes, orphies, otherwise aiguilles. There is a small shrub in Saint Christophe as in the other islands called drunken wood. We plunder the branch and the leaf, which we enclose in small bags made of bad nets and in the lowlands of Basseterre near the Anse ? Louvet, negroes with water up to their shoulders beat water with these bags which intoxicate the fish which come to the surface of the water. Those in the canoes take them by hand or with small baskets and in very large quantities. The locals do these fishing trips more for pleasure than for utility. Bream (dorades) are rarely caught in all of the above-mentioned fisheries. Many seabirds are commonly seen around the island: mauves (Stern), gray and white egrets (Egretta), herons, great gullets, fous (Northern Gannet?), frigates (Frigate bird), sparrows. And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks. We see a few whales along the coast, and we have never heard of one being caught. No porpoises are caught there but sailing vessels going from one island to another sometimes harpoon them. They are of the same shape, color and size as those of the seas of Europe. No bears, cows, wolves or sea lions are taken there, and never ambergris along the coast...
Source: ANF, 127AP3-9 Saint-Christophe (6)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Procellariidae - "Sea Birds" - [FR: Oiseau marin]

ID: 701 | ID2: 48
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Oiseau marin
Vernacular Name: Sea Birds
Scientific Name: Procellariidae
Location: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Region: Caribbean
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Catch & Quantity
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[?] in Saint-Christophe or in any Windward Islands. This fish has moved away and we no longer see them. We catch a lot of sardines in Saint Christophe. There are two kinds. One which is as big as those in Royan. It has a golden collar and head, a white belly and a green back. It is dangerous to eat and causes death to foreigners and new negroes who are not aware of it. It is only caught in the Windward Islands in the Cayenne and Canaris neighborhoods. The other species is called cayeux and is very good to eat. It is caught down wind of the island along the coast with baskets. It is smaller than the first and less golden. We salt them for Negro food. The English of this island are negligent about fishing and when some French of Saint Christophe come, they bring their fish to sell in the English neighborhoods. Our Frenchmen had several small local canoes equipped with two to three men and went a league away to the town of Basseterre on a bank near Nioeul to line fish for excellent fish, namely sardes, thazards, beaumes and vieilles. These last ones have been seen weighing up to 150 pounds. It is an excellent fish and when it is well sprinkled with salt twice in 24 hours, it equals the green cod, thazard and beaumes that are caught on the bank. They are not harmful but when we take them on the side of the Anse ? Louvet, towards the bottom of Basseterre, they are as dangerous as the golden sardine. Some French inhabitants have nets called senne that they use to catch, apart the above-mentioned fish, some carangues along the coast which are good fish. We see some of the latter weighing up to two hundred pounds. They also go on dark nights with their canoes along the rocks with lit torches to take lobsters which is a large sea crayfish. They also took king thazards, couronn?s, sardes, orphies, otherwise aiguilles. There is a small shrub in Saint Christophe as in the other islands called drunken wood. We plunder the branch and the leaf, which we enclose in small bags made of bad nets and in the lowlands of Basseterre near the Anse ? Louvet, negroes with water up to their shoulders beat water with these bags which intoxicate the fish which come to the surface of the water. Those in the canoes take them by hand or with small baskets and in very large quantities. The locals do these fishing trips more for pleasure than for utility. Bream (dorades) are rarely caught in all of the above-mentioned fisheries. Many seabirds are commonly seen around the island: mauves (Stern), gray and white egrets (Egretta), herons, great gullets, fous (Northern Gannet?), frigates (Frigate bird), sparrows. And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks. We see a few whales along the coast, and we have never heard of one being caught. No porpoises are caught there but sailing vessels going from one island to another sometimes harpoon them. They are of the same shape, color and size as those of the seas of Europe. No bears, cows, wolves or sea lions are taken there, and never ambergris along the coast...
Source: ANF, 127AP3-9 Saint-Christophe (6)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Anatinae - "Sea Duck" - [FR: Canard]

ID: 702 | ID2: 48
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Canard
Vernacular Name: Sea Duck
Scientific Name: Anatinae
Location: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Region: Caribbean
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[?] in Saint-Christophe or in any Windward Islands. This fish has moved away and we no longer see them. We catch a lot of sardines in Saint Christophe. There are two kinds. One which is as big as those in Royan. It has a golden collar and head, a white belly and a green back. It is dangerous to eat and causes death to foreigners and new negroes who are not aware of it. It is only caught in the Windward Islands in the Cayenne and Canaris neighborhoods. The other species is called cayeux and is very good to eat. It is caught down wind of the island along the coast with baskets. It is smaller than the first and less golden. We salt them for Negro food. The English of this island are negligent about fishing and when some French of Saint Christophe come, they bring their fish to sell in the English neighborhoods. Our Frenchmen had several small local canoes equipped with two to three men and went a league away to the town of Basseterre on a bank near Nioeul to line fish for excellent fish, namely sardes, thazards, beaumes and vieilles. These last ones have been seen weighing up to 150 pounds. It is an excellent fish and when it is well sprinkled with salt twice in 24 hours, it equals the green cod, thazard and beaumes that are caught on the bank. They are not harmful but when we take them on the side of the Anse ? Louvet, towards the bottom of Basseterre, they are as dangerous as the golden sardine. Some French inhabitants have nets called senne that they use to catch, apart the above-mentioned fish, some carangues along the coast which are good fish. We see some of the latter weighing up to two hundred pounds. They also go on dark nights with their canoes along the rocks with lit torches to take lobsters which is a large sea crayfish. They also took king thazards, couronn?s, sardes, orphies, otherwise aiguilles. There is a small shrub in Saint Christophe as in the other islands called drunken wood. We plunder the branch and the leaf, which we enclose in small bags made of bad nets and in the lowlands of Basseterre near the Anse ? Louvet, negroes with water up to their shoulders beat water with these bags which intoxicate the fish which come to the surface of the water. Those in the canoes take them by hand or with small baskets and in very large quantities. The locals do these fishing trips more for pleasure than for utility. Bream (dorades) are rarely caught in all of the above-mentioned fisheries. Many seabirds are commonly seen around the island: mauves (Stern), gray and white egrets (Egretta), herons, great gullets, fous (Northern Gannet?), frigates (Frigate bird), sparrows. And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks. We see a few whales along the coast, and we have never heard of one being caught. No porpoises are caught there but sailing vessels going from one island to another sometimes harpoon them. They are of the same shape, color and size as those of the seas of Europe. No bears, cows, wolves or sea lions are taken there, and never ambergris along the coast...
Source: ANF, 127AP3-9 Saint-Christophe (6)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Anas crecca - "Eurasian Teal" - [FR: Sarcelle]

ID: 703 | ID2: 48
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Sarcelle
Vernacular Name: Eurasian Teal
Scientific Name: Anas crecca
Location: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Region: Caribbean
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[?] in Saint-Christophe or in any Windward Islands. This fish has moved away and we no longer see them. We catch a lot of sardines in Saint Christophe. There are two kinds. One which is as big as those in Royan. It has a golden collar and head, a white belly and a green back. It is dangerous to eat and causes death to foreigners and new negroes who are not aware of it. It is only caught in the Windward Islands in the Cayenne and Canaris neighborhoods. The other species is called cayeux and is very good to eat. It is caught down wind of the island along the coast with baskets. It is smaller than the first and less golden. We salt them for Negro food. The English of this island are negligent about fishing and when some French of Saint Christophe come, they bring their fish to sell in the English neighborhoods. Our Frenchmen had several small local canoes equipped with two to three men and went a league away to the town of Basseterre on a bank near Nioeul to line fish for excellent fish, namely sardes, thazards, beaumes and vieilles. These last ones have been seen weighing up to 150 pounds. It is an excellent fish and when it is well sprinkled with salt twice in 24 hours, it equals the green cod, thazard and beaumes that are caught on the bank. They are not harmful but when we take them on the side of the Anse ? Louvet, towards the bottom of Basseterre, they are as dangerous as the golden sardine. Some French inhabitants have nets called senne that they use to catch, apart the above-mentioned fish, some carangues along the coast which are good fish. We see some of the latter weighing up to two hundred pounds. They also go on dark nights with their canoes along the rocks with lit torches to take lobsters which is a large sea crayfish. They also took king thazards, couronn?s, sardes, orphies, otherwise aiguilles. There is a small shrub in Saint Christophe as in the other islands called drunken wood. We plunder the branch and the leaf, which we enclose in small bags made of bad nets and in the lowlands of Basseterre near the Anse ? Louvet, negroes with water up to their shoulders beat water with these bags which intoxicate the fish which come to the surface of the water. Those in the canoes take them by hand or with small baskets and in very large quantities. The locals do these fishing trips more for pleasure than for utility. Bream (dorades) are rarely caught in all of the above-mentioned fisheries. Many seabirds are commonly seen around the island: mauves (Stern), gray and white egrets (Egretta), herons, great gullets, fous (Northern Gannet?), frigates (Frigate bird), sparrows. And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks. We see a few whales along the coast, and we have never heard of one being caught. No porpoises are caught there but sailing vessels going from one island to another sometimes harpoon them. They are of the same shape, color and size as those of the seas of Europe. No bears, cows, wolves or sea lions are taken there, and never ambergris along the coast...
Source: ANF, 127AP3-9 Saint-Christophe (6)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Charadriinae - "Plover" - [FR: Pluvier]

ID: 704 | ID2: 48
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Pluvier
Vernacular Name: Plover
Scientific Name: Charadriinae
Location: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Region: Caribbean
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[?] in Saint-Christophe or in any Windward Islands. This fish has moved away and we no longer see them. We catch a lot of sardines in Saint Christophe. There are two kinds. One which is as big as those in Royan. It has a golden collar and head, a white belly and a green back. It is dangerous to eat and causes death to foreigners and new negroes who are not aware of it. It is only caught in the Windward Islands in the Cayenne and Canaris neighborhoods. The other species is called cayeux and is very good to eat. It is caught down wind of the island along the coast with baskets. It is smaller than the first and less golden. We salt them for Negro food. The English of this island are negligent about fishing and when some French of Saint Christophe come, they bring their fish to sell in the English neighborhoods. Our Frenchmen had several small local canoes equipped with two to three men and went a league away to the town of Basseterre on a bank near Nioeul to line fish for excellent fish, namely sardes, thazards, beaumes and vieilles. These last ones have been seen weighing up to 150 pounds. It is an excellent fish and when it is well sprinkled with salt twice in 24 hours, it equals the green cod, thazard and beaumes that are caught on the bank. They are not harmful but when we take them on the side of the Anse ? Louvet, towards the bottom of Basseterre, they are as dangerous as the golden sardine. Some French inhabitants have nets called senne that they use to catch, apart the above-mentioned fish, some carangues along the coast which are good fish. We see some of the latter weighing up to two hundred pounds. They also go on dark nights with their canoes along the rocks with lit torches to take lobsters which is a large sea crayfish. They also took king thazards, couronn?s, sardes, orphies, otherwise aiguilles. There is a small shrub in Saint Christophe as in the other islands called drunken wood. We plunder the branch and the leaf, which we enclose in small bags made of bad nets and in the lowlands of Basseterre near the Anse ? Louvet, negroes with water up to their shoulders beat water with these bags which intoxicate the fish which come to the surface of the water. Those in the canoes take them by hand or with small baskets and in very large quantities. The locals do these fishing trips more for pleasure than for utility. Bream (dorades) are rarely caught in all of the above-mentioned fisheries. Many seabirds are commonly seen around the island: mauves (Stern), gray and white egrets (Egretta), herons, great gullets, fous (Northern Gannet?), frigates (Frigate bird), sparrows. And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks. We see a few whales along the coast, and we have never heard of one being caught. No porpoises are caught there but sailing vessels going from one island to another sometimes harpoon them. They are of the same shape, color and size as those of the seas of Europe. No bears, cows, wolves or sea lions are taken there, and never ambergris along the coast...
Source: ANF, 127AP3-9 Saint-Christophe (6)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Calidris - "Sandpiper" - [FR: B?casseau]

ID: 705 | ID2: 48
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: B?casseau
Vernacular Name: Sandpiper
Scientific Name: Calidris
Location: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Region: Caribbean
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[?] in Saint-Christophe or in any Windward Islands. This fish has moved away and we no longer see them. We catch a lot of sardines in Saint Christophe. There are two kinds. One which is as big as those in Royan. It has a golden collar and head, a white belly and a green back. It is dangerous to eat and causes death to foreigners and new negroes who are not aware of it. It is only caught in the Windward Islands in the Cayenne and Canaris neighborhoods. The other species is called cayeux and is very good to eat. It is caught down wind of the island along the coast with baskets. It is smaller than the first and less golden. We salt them for Negro food. The English of this island are negligent about fishing and when some French of Saint Christophe come, they bring their fish to sell in the English neighborhoods. Our Frenchmen had several small local canoes equipped with two to three men and went a league away to the town of Basseterre on a bank near Nioeul to line fish for excellent fish, namely sardes, thazards, beaumes and vieilles. These last ones have been seen weighing up to 150 pounds. It is an excellent fish and when it is well sprinkled with salt twice in 24 hours, it equals the green cod, thazard and beaumes that are caught on the bank. They are not harmful but when we take them on the side of the Anse ? Louvet, towards the bottom of Basseterre, they are as dangerous as the golden sardine. Some French inhabitants have nets called senne that they use to catch, apart the above-mentioned fish, some carangues along the coast which are good fish. We see some of the latter weighing up to two hundred pounds. They also go on dark nights with their canoes along the rocks with lit torches to take lobsters which is a large sea crayfish. They also took king thazards, couronn?s, sardes, orphies, otherwise aiguilles. There is a small shrub in Saint Christophe as in the other islands called drunken wood. We plunder the branch and the leaf, which we enclose in small bags made of bad nets and in the lowlands of Basseterre near the Anse ? Louvet, negroes with water up to their shoulders beat water with these bags which intoxicate the fish which come to the surface of the water. Those in the canoes take them by hand or with small baskets and in very large quantities. The locals do these fishing trips more for pleasure than for utility. Bream (dorades) are rarely caught in all of the above-mentioned fisheries. Many seabirds are commonly seen around the island: mauves (Stern), gray and white egrets (Egretta), herons, great gullets, fous (Northern Gannet?), frigates (Frigate bird), sparrows. And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks. We see a few whales along the coast, and we have never heard of one being caught. No porpoises are caught there but sailing vessels going from one island to another sometimes harpoon them. They are of the same shape, color and size as those of the seas of Europe. No bears, cows, wolves or sea lions are taken there, and never ambergris along the coast...
Source: ANF, 127AP3-9 Saint-Christophe (6)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Gallinago gallinago - "Snipe" - [FR: B?cassine]

ID: 706 | ID2: 48
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: B?cassine
Vernacular Name: Snipe
Scientific Name: Gallinago gallinago
Location: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Region: Caribbean
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[?] in Saint-Christophe or in any Windward Islands. This fish has moved away and we no longer see them. We catch a lot of sardines in Saint Christophe. There are two kinds. One which is as big as those in Royan. It has a golden collar and head, a white belly and a green back. It is dangerous to eat and causes death to foreigners and new negroes who are not aware of it. It is only caught in the Windward Islands in the Cayenne and Canaris neighborhoods. The other species is called cayeux and is very good to eat. It is caught down wind of the island along the coast with baskets. It is smaller than the first and less golden. We salt them for Negro food. The English of this island are negligent about fishing and when some French of Saint Christophe come, they bring their fish to sell in the English neighborhoods. Our Frenchmen had several small local canoes equipped with two to three men and went a league away to the town of Basseterre on a bank near Nioeul to line fish for excellent fish, namely sardes, thazards, beaumes and vieilles. These last ones have been seen weighing up to 150 pounds. It is an excellent fish and when it is well sprinkled with salt twice in 24 hours, it equals the green cod, thazard and beaumes that are caught on the bank. They are not harmful but when we take them on the side of the Anse ? Louvet, towards the bottom of Basseterre, they are as dangerous as the golden sardine. Some French inhabitants have nets called senne that they use to catch, apart the above-mentioned fish, some carangues along the coast which are good fish. We see some of the latter weighing up to two hundred pounds. They also go on dark nights with their canoes along the rocks with lit torches to take lobsters which is a large sea crayfish. They also took king thazards, couronn?s, sardes, orphies, otherwise aiguilles. There is a small shrub in Saint Christophe as in the other islands called drunken wood. We plunder the branch and the leaf, which we enclose in small bags made of bad nets and in the lowlands of Basseterre near the Anse ? Louvet, negroes with water up to their shoulders beat water with these bags which intoxicate the fish which come to the surface of the water. Those in the canoes take them by hand or with small baskets and in very large quantities. The locals do these fishing trips more for pleasure than for utility. Bream (dorades) are rarely caught in all of the above-mentioned fisheries. Many seabirds are commonly seen around the island: mauves (Stern), gray and white egrets (Egretta), herons, great gullets, fous (Northern Gannet?), frigates (Frigate bird), sparrows. And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks. We see a few whales along the coast, and we have never heard of one being caught. No porpoises are caught there but sailing vessels going from one island to another sometimes harpoon them. They are of the same shape, color and size as those of the seas of Europe. No bears, cows, wolves or sea lions are taken there, and never ambergris along the coast...
Source: ANF, 127AP3-9 Saint-Christophe (6)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Scolopacidae - "Sea Lark" - [FR: Alouette de mer]

ID: 707 | ID2: 48
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Alouette de mer
Vernacular Name: Sea Lark
Scientific Name: Scolopacidae
Location: Saint Kitts and Nevis
Region: Caribbean
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[?] in Saint-Christophe or in any Windward Islands. This fish has moved away and we no longer see them. We catch a lot of sardines in Saint Christophe. There are two kinds. One which is as big as those in Royan. It has a golden collar and head, a white belly and a green back. It is dangerous to eat and causes death to foreigners and new negroes who are not aware of it. It is only caught in the Windward Islands in the Cayenne and Canaris neighborhoods. The other species is called cayeux and is very good to eat. It is caught down wind of the island along the coast with baskets. It is smaller than the first and less golden. We salt them for Negro food. The English of this island are negligent about fishing and when some French of Saint Christophe come, they bring their fish to sell in the English neighborhoods. Our Frenchmen had several small local canoes equipped with two to three men and went a league away to the town of Basseterre on a bank near Nioeul to line fish for excellent fish, namely sardes, thazards, beaumes and vieilles. These last ones have been seen weighing up to 150 pounds. It is an excellent fish and when it is well sprinkled with salt twice in 24 hours, it equals the green cod, thazard and beaumes that are caught on the bank. They are not harmful but when we take them on the side of the Anse ? Louvet, towards the bottom of Basseterre, they are as dangerous as the golden sardine. Some French inhabitants have nets called senne that they use to catch, apart the above-mentioned fish, some carangues along the coast which are good fish. We see some of the latter weighing up to two hundred pounds. They also go on dark nights with their canoes along the rocks with lit torches to take lobsters which is a large sea crayfish. They also took king thazards, couronn?s, sardes, orphies, otherwise aiguilles. There is a small shrub in Saint Christophe as in the other islands called drunken wood. We plunder the branch and the leaf, which we enclose in small bags made of bad nets and in the lowlands of Basseterre near the Anse ? Louvet, negroes with water up to their shoulders beat water with these bags which intoxicate the fish which come to the surface of the water. Those in the canoes take them by hand or with small baskets and in very large quantities. The locals do these fishing trips more for pleasure than for utility. Bream (dorades) are rarely caught in all of the above-mentioned fisheries. Many seabirds are commonly seen around the island: mauves (Stern), gray and white egrets (Egretta), herons, great gullets, fous (Northern Gannet?), frigates (Frigate bird), sparrows. And in the months of July, August and September, there are plenty of of marine game, in such a large quantity in the salt fish district that in one day a hunter kills up to 500, namely, ducks, sarcelles (Eurasian teal), pluviers (Plover), sandpipers, snipe and sea larks. We see a few whales along the coast, and we have never heard of one being caught. No porpoises are caught there but sailing vessels going from one island to another sometimes harpoon them. They are of the same shape, color and size as those of the seas of Europe. No bears, cows, wolves or sea lions are taken there, and never ambergris along the coast...
Source: ANF, 127AP3-9 Saint-Christophe (6)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Mullus surmuletus - "Mullet" - [FR: Rouget]

ID: 750 | ID2: 51
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Rouget
Vernacular Name: Mullet
Scientific Name: Mullus surmuletus
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Consumption, Use & Preparations
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
It is salted and it keeps wonderfully by drying it after salting it. There are also some that are smoked like salmon.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Mullet is abundant and excellent. It is like those in France but better and bigger. It is salted and it keeps wonderfully by drying it after salting it. There are also some that are smoked like salmon. The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male. The rougeris abundant in all seasons. This fish is usually 3 and a half feet long. Some are up to 5 and a half feet long. It is spotted with black marks and has flesh almost like carp. It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted. Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done. There are captains who are certain that they can usually load ships with them. This fish does not frequent the coast but the islands east and west of the Mississippi. There are a very large number of other very excellent fish. There is a species of uncurled ray which is very abundant and excellent. It is called in the country taire. It is found along the entire coast in all rivers. There is another species of fish that we have called carangue which is usually a length of 3...
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Cyprinidae - "Carp" - [FR: Carpe]

ID: 751 | ID2: 51
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Carpe
Vernacular Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinidae
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Mullet is abundant and excellent. It is like those in France but better and bigger. It is salted and it keeps wonderfully by drying it after salting it. There are also some that are smoked like salmon. The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male. The rougeris abundant in all seasons. This fish is usually 3 and a half feet long. Some are up to 5 and a half feet long. It is spotted with black marks and has flesh almost like carp. It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted. Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done. There are captains who are certain that they can usually load ships with them. This fish does not frequent the coast but the islands east and west of the Mississippi. There are a very large number of other very excellent fish. There is a species of uncurled ray which is very abundant and excellent. It is called in the country taire. It is found along the entire coast in all rivers. There is another species of fish that we have called carangue which is usually a length of 3...
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Cyprinidae - "Carp" - [FR: Carpe]

ID: 752 | ID2: 51
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Carpe
Vernacular Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinidae
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Mullet is abundant and excellent. It is like those in France but better and bigger. It is salted and it keeps wonderfully by drying it after salting it. There are also some that are smoked like salmon. The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male. The rougeris abundant in all seasons. This fish is usually 3 and a half feet long. Some are up to 5 and a half feet long. It is spotted with black marks and has flesh almost like carp. It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted. Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done. There are captains who are certain that they can usually load ships with them. This fish does not frequent the coast but the islands east and west of the Mississippi. There are a very large number of other very excellent fish. There is a species of uncurled ray which is very abundant and excellent. It is called in the country taire. It is found along the entire coast in all rivers. There is another species of fish that we have called carangue which is usually a length of 3...
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Cyprinidae - "Carp" - [FR: Carpe]

ID: 753 | ID2: 51
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Carpe
Vernacular Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinidae
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Consumption, Use & Preparations
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Mullet is abundant and excellent. It is like those in France but better and bigger. It is salted and it keeps wonderfully by drying it after salting it. There are also some that are smoked like salmon. The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male. The rougeris abundant in all seasons. This fish is usually 3 and a half feet long. Some are up to 5 and a half feet long. It is spotted with black marks and has flesh almost like carp. It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted. Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done. There are captains who are certain that they can usually load ships with them. This fish does not frequent the coast but the islands east and west of the Mississippi. There are a very large number of other very excellent fish. There is a species of uncurled ray which is very abundant and excellent. It is called in the country taire. It is found along the entire coast in all rivers. There is another species of fish that we have called carangue which is usually a length of 3...
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Mullus surmuletus - "Red Mullet" - [FR: Rougeris]

ID: 755 | ID2: 51
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Rougeris
Vernacular Name: Red Mullet
Scientific Name: Mullus surmuletus
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Mullet is abundant and excellent. It is like those in France but better and bigger. It is salted and it keeps wonderfully by drying it after salting it. There are also some that are smoked like salmon. The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male. The rougeris abundant in all seasons. This fish is usually 3 and a half feet long. Some are up to 5 and a half feet long. It is spotted with black marks and has flesh almost like carp. It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted. Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done. There are captains who are certain that they can usually load ships with them. This fish does not frequent the coast but the islands east and west of the Mississippi. There are a very large number of other very excellent fish. There is a species of uncurled ray which is very abundant and excellent. It is called in the country taire. It is found along the entire coast in all rivers. There is another species of fish that we have called carangue which is usually a length of 3...
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Mullus surmuletus - "Red Mullet" - [FR: Rougeris]

ID: 756 | ID2: 51
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Rougeris
Vernacular Name: Red Mullet
Scientific Name: Mullus surmuletus
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Consumption, Use & Preparations
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Mullet is abundant and excellent. It is like those in France but better and bigger. It is salted and it keeps wonderfully by drying it after salting it. There are also some that are smoked like salmon. The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male. The rougeris abundant in all seasons. This fish is usually 3 and a half feet long. Some are up to 5 and a half feet long. It is spotted with black marks and has flesh almost like carp. It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted. Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done. There are captains who are certain that they can usually load ships with them. This fish does not frequent the coast but the islands east and west of the Mississippi. There are a very large number of other very excellent fish. There is a species of uncurled ray which is very abundant and excellent. It is called in the country taire. It is found along the entire coast in all rivers. There is another species of fish that we have called carangue which is usually a length of 3...
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Sarda sarda - "Sarda Sarda" - [FR: Sarde]

ID: 757 | ID2: 51
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Sarde
Vernacular Name: Sarda Sarda
Scientific Name: Sarda sarda
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Mullet is abundant and excellent. It is like those in France but better and bigger. It is salted and it keeps wonderfully by drying it after salting it. There are also some that are smoked like salmon. The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male. The rougeris abundant in all seasons. This fish is usually 3 and a half feet long. Some are up to 5 and a half feet long. It is spotted with black marks and has flesh almost like carp. It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted. Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done. There are captains who are certain that they can usually load ships with them. This fish does not frequent the coast but the islands east and west of the Mississippi. There are a very large number of other very excellent fish. There is a species of uncurled ray which is very abundant and excellent. It is called in the country taire. It is found along the entire coast in all rivers. There is another species of fish that we have called carangue which is usually a length of 3...
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Sarda sarda - "Sarda Sarda" - [FR: Sarde]

ID: 758 | ID2: 51
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Sarde
Vernacular Name: Sarda Sarda
Scientific Name: Sarda sarda
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Mullet is abundant and excellent. It is like those in France but better and bigger. It is salted and it keeps wonderfully by drying it after salting it. There are also some that are smoked like salmon. The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male. The rougeris abundant in all seasons. This fish is usually 3 and a half feet long. Some are up to 5 and a half feet long. It is spotted with black marks and has flesh almost like carp. It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted. Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done. There are captains who are certain that they can usually load ships with them. This fish does not frequent the coast but the islands east and west of the Mississippi. There are a very large number of other very excellent fish. There is a species of uncurled ray which is very abundant and excellent. It is called in the country taire. It is found along the entire coast in all rivers. There is another species of fish that we have called carangue which is usually a length of 3...
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Sarda sarda - "Sarda Sarda" - [FR: Sarde]

ID: 759 | ID2: 51
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Sarde
Vernacular Name: Sarda Sarda
Scientific Name: Sarda sarda
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Consumption, Use & Preparations
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Mullet is abundant and excellent. It is like those in France but better and bigger. It is salted and it keeps wonderfully by drying it after salting it. There are also some that are smoked like salmon. The trout is abundant, much larger and as good as the best in France. They keep better in salting than the male. The rougeris abundant in all seasons. This fish is usually 3 and a half feet long. Some are up to 5 and a half feet long. It is spotted with black marks and has flesh almost like carp. It is one of the best fish on the coast and it can be salted. Sarde is a fish almost like cod which, being salted, has flesh like salmon. This fish is found around the mouth of the Mississippi and towards Pensacola in abundance in almost all seasons. Considerable salting can be done. There are captains who are certain that they can usually load ships with them. This fish does not frequent the coast but the islands east and west of the Mississippi. There are a very large number of other very excellent fish. There is a species of uncurled ray which is very abundant and excellent. It is called in the country taire. It is found along the entire coast in all rivers. There is another species of fish that we have called carangue which is usually a length of 3...
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Sardina pilchardus - "Sardine" - [FR: Sardine]

ID: 788 | ID2: 52
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Sardine
Vernacular Name: Sardine
Scientific Name: Sardina pilchardus
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Consumption, Use & Preparations
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Sardines are salted.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[up to 4 and a half feet long. Very large in its species, appearing short, with a monstrous head, this fish is found throughout the coast and rivers of the country.] It has a flesh that one would mistake for meat, mainly veal. It is of unparalleled excellence.We cut it into slices and prepare it like veal and any other meat. We lard it like beef. This is one of the most common and best. It seems that it could be marinated like tuna. There are plaice all the time along the entire coast and in the rivers to a certain extent. This fish is shaped like a limande or plie and comes in all sizes, from 9 to 10 inches to almost 2 feet. It is about two thirds of its length wide. It?s a fish that would be priceless in France. For its quality, it still surpasses all others and could be presented to a king as a delicacy. There are still burgos that have scales of almost the same shape. It is still one of the best fish you can find. It's not quite that big, or that strong.There are sometimes real hake or cod there, but rarely like those that we fish along the coast and in the rivers and that we do not fish offshore like everywhere else. It is presumed that there are a very large number of unknown fish which usually never come to the coast.There are monstrous carp in the rivers, not the best, but somewhat passable. There are also eels in different places as good as those of Europe. There are two species of river fish that are usually called big mouths and big ears. These two kinds of fish would be priceless in France for their taste and goodness. In Mobile, there are a very large number of brochelansin in swamps, which makes one believe that they could be found everywhere else. There is also a species of small fish called patassar, up to 7 to 8 inches long, mostly less than that. It is still a very exquisite and very excellent fish. There are crayfish and shrimp in very large quantities. There are sardines not in the shape of those from France. They are much larger and wider, but they have the same taste and goodness. There is such a large quantity that we find whole shoals of them, and in its season, all the rivers are filled with them. We salt it. There are French people in the country who trade it with other inhabitants. The whole country, that is to say, the coast and the river, are full of very large cancres which are better than in Europe. We are not aware of any salmon there. We are only talking here about the coast in general up to 10 or 12 leagues in the rivers. The beaver is found in the upper parts of rivers. We did not see any seals, nor any sea ox or sea calf of this species. No whale has ever been seen in the country. There are no turtles like in Madagascar and Bourbon Island. There are small land turtles like at the Cape of Good Hope. There are also a lot of sea turtles on different banks and islets almost all the time, except during very cold weather. They lay eggs there during two seasons, in March-April and September-October. There?s no [?]
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (6)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Pisces - "Fish"

ID: 813 | ID2: 53
Document Type: Received
Vernacular Name: Fish
Scientific Name: Pisces
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
The whole country of Louisiana in general is full of fish in whatever places it may be. It seems that there is no country like it for fishing.We haven't wasted time verifying if they can be salted or not, since they are too abundant to bother about it.We cannot accurately describe the quality here, nor the species being too numerous and all the fish different from those found on our European coasts. We can only assure you that in general they are all very excellent. Travellers who have been in the country for a long time can be consulted to give more details about the interior of the rivers. I am only talking here about the coast and the bottom of the rivers where they meet the sea.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[There is no] ambergris. It has never shown up anywhere in the country. The ground does not allow it, being only mud and sand. There is no knowledge of there ever being any manatee. We do not fish for porpoises although all the banks of the rivers are full of them because there is no shortage of fish present in large quantities at all times. It is not known if there are sea bears. The whole Mississippi country is full of oysters. There are banks of them 4 to 5 leagues long. It?s a great pleasure in life. It is also used to make lime. There are clams like many places but larger and very excellent to eat. We also make very good lime from this shell which is very common. There are throughout the country a quantity of extraordinarily big and large mussels that are perfectly good to eat. There are some on Dauphine Island, almost 4 to 5 inches long, which makes us believe that they are everywhere. The whole country of Louisiana in general is full of fish in whatever places it may be. It seems that there is no country like it for fishing.We haven't wasted time verifying if they can be salted or not, since they are too abundant to bother about it.We cannot accurately describe the quality here, nor the species being too numerous and all the fish different from those found on our European coasts. We can only assure you that in general they are all very excellent. Travellers who have been in the country for a long time can be consulted to give more details about the interior of the rivers. I am only talking here about the coast and the bottom of the rivers where they meet the sea.
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (7)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Pisces - "Fish"

ID: 814 | ID2: 53
Document Type: Received
Vernacular Name: Fish
Scientific Name: Pisces
Location: Louisiana
Region: Gulf of Mexico
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Consumption, Use & Preparations
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
The whole country of Louisiana in general is full of fish in whatever places it may be. It seems that there is no country like it for fishing.We haven't wasted time verifying if they can be salted or not, since they are too abundant to bother about it.We cannot accurately describe the quality here, nor the species being too numerous and all the fish different from those found on our European coasts. We can only assure you that in general they are all very excellent. Travellers who have been in the country for a long time can be consulted to give more details about the interior of the rivers. I am only talking here about the coast and the bottom of the rivers where they meet the sea.
📖 Full Translated Text:
[There is no] ambergris. It has never shown up anywhere in the country. The ground does not allow it, being only mud and sand. There is no knowledge of there ever being any manatee. We do not fish for porpoises although all the banks of the rivers are full of them because there is no shortage of fish present in large quantities at all times. It is not known if there are sea bears. The whole Mississippi country is full of oysters. There are banks of them 4 to 5 leagues long. It?s a great pleasure in life. It is also used to make lime. There are clams like many places but larger and very excellent to eat. We also make very good lime from this shell which is very common. There are throughout the country a quantity of extraordinarily big and large mussels that are perfectly good to eat. There are some on Dauphine Island, almost 4 to 5 inches long, which makes us believe that they are everywhere. The whole country of Louisiana in general is full of fish in whatever places it may be. It seems that there is no country like it for fishing.We haven't wasted time verifying if they can be salted or not, since they are too abundant to bother about it.We cannot accurately describe the quality here, nor the species being too numerous and all the fish different from those found on our European coasts. We can only assure you that in general they are all very excellent. Travellers who have been in the country for a long time can be consulted to give more details about the interior of the rivers. I am only talking here about the coast and the bottom of the rivers where they meet the sea.
Source: ANF, 127AP-9 Louisiana (7)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗