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Historical Marine data from the Global South (1720-1730)
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📨 Received (616) 📤 Sent (569) 🐟 Fish (538) 🦐 Invertebrates (266) 🐋 Marine Mammals (178) 🎣 Fishing (389) 🍳 Consumption (142) 💰 Price (25) 🌿 Tamarind (1) 🧂 Salting (102) ☀️ Drying (9) 🎯 Fishing Nets (38)
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📍 Showing 616 locations on map (from 616 total records)
Found 616 records - Filters: ReferenceType: Received
Showing records 121 - 140 of 616
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Cypraeidae - "Cowrie Shells" - [FR: Cauris]

ID: 121 | ID2: 9
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Cauris
Vernacular Name: Cowrie Shells
Scientific Name: Cypraeidae
Location: The Maldives
Region: Indian
Ocean: Indian
Year: 1722
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white.
📖 Full Translated Text:
On the Maldives islands, cowrie shells are fished along the coast using nets, and divers find them attached to rocks. They still use coconut branches, which they dip into the water and attach to the ground. Every day, they pull up these branches and find cowries attached to them, leave them in the sun or bury them to draw out the poison, and sell the cowries for rice and other necessities. It is estimated that the Maldives have twelve thousand inhabited islands. The inhabitants of each island give the king fifty cowrie shells per year for the right to fish for cowries and fish. Each cowrie shell is worth 9 when each is worth 16 ponis and each ponis is worth 80 cowries. One cowrie shell can be worth four Madras rupees when pulled.The cowries are small and light. Ambergris is also fished. The inhabitants are obliged to give it to the king, as it belongs to him. The inhabitants do not allow it to be sold in secret. It is good ambergris. In the Maldives, they catch large quantities of sea bream, which they cut into pieces as big as large sausages, a palm's length long, and put the fish in the sun without salting it. It becomes like a piece of wood. Then they sell it for 70 lavis per thousand pieces to take to Chin [?], which is 32 rupees. In Chin, they are sold for 10 taels per thousand, which is 70 rupees, sometimes more and sometimes less. Every year, a hundred barrels are extracted, sometimes two hundred. Sea coconuts [?] are also fished, which detach themselves from the rocks that belong to the king. The coconuts are very curious to see. The flesh inside is used for medicine. In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white. In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Bengal and Indian ocean (9)j
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Cypraeidae - "Cowrie Shells" - [FR: Cauris]

ID: 122 | ID2: 9
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Cauris
Vernacular Name: Cowrie Shells
Scientific Name: Cypraeidae
Location: Thailand
Region: East Indian
Ocean: Indian
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished.
📖 Full Translated Text:
On the Maldives islands, cowrie shells are fished along the coast using nets, and divers find them attached to rocks. They still use coconut branches, which they dip into the water and attach to the ground. Every day, they pull up these branches and find cowries attached to them, leave them in the sun or bury them to draw out the poison, and sell the cowries for rice and other necessities. It is estimated that the Maldives have twelve thousand inhabited islands. The inhabitants of each island give the king fifty cowrie shells per year for the right to fish for cowries and fish. Each cowrie shell is worth 9 when each is worth 16 ponis and each ponis is worth 80 cowries. One cowrie shell can be worth four Madras rupees when pulled.The cowries are small and light. Ambergris is also fished. The inhabitants are obliged to give it to the king, as it belongs to him. The inhabitants do not allow it to be sold in secret. It is good ambergris. In the Maldives, they catch large quantities of sea bream, which they cut into pieces as big as large sausages, a palm's length long, and put the fish in the sun without salting it. It becomes like a piece of wood. Then they sell it for 70 lavis per thousand pieces to take to Chin [?], which is 32 rupees. In Chin, they are sold for 10 taels per thousand, which is 70 rupees, sometimes more and sometimes less. Every year, a hundred barrels are extracted, sometimes two hundred. Sea coconuts [?] are also fished, which detach themselves from the rocks that belong to the king. The coconuts are very curious to see. The flesh inside is used for medicine. In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white. In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Bengal and Indian ocean (9)j
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Cypraeidae - "Cowrie Shells" - [FR: Cauris]

ID: 123 | ID2: 9
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Cauris
Vernacular Name: Cowrie Shells
Scientific Name: Cypraeidae
Location: Manila, Philippines.
Region: West Pacific
Ocean: Pacific
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished.
📖 Full Translated Text:
On the Maldives islands, cowrie shells are fished along the coast using nets, and divers find them attached to rocks. They still use coconut branches, which they dip into the water and attach to the ground. Every day, they pull up these branches and find cowries attached to them, leave them in the sun or bury them to draw out the poison, and sell the cowries for rice and other necessities. It is estimated that the Maldives have twelve thousand inhabited islands. The inhabitants of each island give the king fifty cowrie shells per year for the right to fish for cowries and fish. Each cowrie shell is worth 9 when each is worth 16 ponis and each ponis is worth 80 cowries. One cowrie shell can be worth four Madras rupees when pulled.The cowries are small and light. Ambergris is also fished. The inhabitants are obliged to give it to the king, as it belongs to him. The inhabitants do not allow it to be sold in secret. It is good ambergris. In the Maldives, they catch large quantities of sea bream, which they cut into pieces as big as large sausages, a palm's length long, and put the fish in the sun without salting it. It becomes like a piece of wood. Then they sell it for 70 lavis per thousand pieces to take to Chin [?], which is 32 rupees. In Chin, they are sold for 10 taels per thousand, which is 70 rupees, sometimes more and sometimes less. Every year, a hundred barrels are extracted, sometimes two hundred. Sea coconuts [?] are also fished, which detach themselves from the rocks that belong to the king. The coconuts are very curious to see. The flesh inside is used for medicine. In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white. In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Bengal and Indian ocean (9)j
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Cypraeidae - "Cowrie Shells" - [FR: Cauris]

ID: 124 | ID2: 9
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Cauris
Vernacular Name: Cowrie Shells
Scientific Name: Cypraeidae
Location: Thailand
Region: East Indian
Ocean: Indian
Year: 1722
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black.
📖 Full Translated Text:
On the Maldives islands, cowrie shells are fished along the coast using nets, and divers find them attached to rocks. They still use coconut branches, which they dip into the water and attach to the ground. Every day, they pull up these branches and find cowries attached to them, leave them in the sun or bury them to draw out the poison, and sell the cowries for rice and other necessities. It is estimated that the Maldives have twelve thousand inhabited islands. The inhabitants of each island give the king fifty cowrie shells per year for the right to fish for cowries and fish. Each cowrie shell is worth 9 when each is worth 16 ponis and each ponis is worth 80 cowries. One cowrie shell can be worth four Madras rupees when pulled.The cowries are small and light. Ambergris is also fished. The inhabitants are obliged to give it to the king, as it belongs to him. The inhabitants do not allow it to be sold in secret. It is good ambergris. In the Maldives, they catch large quantities of sea bream, which they cut into pieces as big as large sausages, a palm's length long, and put the fish in the sun without salting it. It becomes like a piece of wood. Then they sell it for 70 lavis per thousand pieces to take to Chin [?], which is 32 rupees. In Chin, they are sold for 10 taels per thousand, which is 70 rupees, sometimes more and sometimes less. Every year, a hundred barrels are extracted, sometimes two hundred. Sea coconuts [?] are also fished, which detach themselves from the rocks that belong to the king. The coconuts are very curious to see. The flesh inside is used for medicine. In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white. In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Bengal and Indian ocean (9)j
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Cypraeidae - "Cowrie Shells" - [FR: Cauris]

ID: 125 | ID2: 9
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Cauris
Vernacular Name: Cowrie Shells
Scientific Name: Cypraeidae
Location: The Maldives
Region: Indian
Ocean: Indian
Year: 1722
Data Type: Price
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.
📖 Full Translated Text:
On the Maldives islands, cowrie shells are fished along the coast using nets, and divers find them attached to rocks. They still use coconut branches, which they dip into the water and attach to the ground. Every day, they pull up these branches and find cowries attached to them, leave them in the sun or bury them to draw out the poison, and sell the cowries for rice and other necessities. It is estimated that the Maldives have twelve thousand inhabited islands. The inhabitants of each island give the king fifty cowrie shells per year for the right to fish for cowries and fish. Each cowrie shell is worth 9 when each is worth 16 ponis and each ponis is worth 80 cowries. One cowrie shell can be worth four Madras rupees when pulled.The cowries are small and light. Ambergris is also fished. The inhabitants are obliged to give it to the king, as it belongs to him. The inhabitants do not allow it to be sold in secret. It is good ambergris. In the Maldives, they catch large quantities of sea bream, which they cut into pieces as big as large sausages, a palm's length long, and put the fish in the sun without salting it. It becomes like a piece of wood. Then they sell it for 70 lavis per thousand pieces to take to Chin [?], which is 32 rupees. In Chin, they are sold for 10 taels per thousand, which is 70 rupees, sometimes more and sometimes less. Every year, a hundred barrels are extracted, sometimes two hundred. Sea coconuts [?] are also fished, which detach themselves from the rocks that belong to the king. The coconuts are very curious to see. The flesh inside is used for medicine. In the Nicobar Islands, cowries are fished, as in the Maldives, and are very white. In Siam and Manila, cowries are fished. They are marked with black and are cheaper than those from the Maldives.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Bengal and Indian ocean (9)j
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Gadus morhua - "Cod" - [FR: Morue]

ID: 244 | ID2: 20
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Morue
Vernacular Name: Cod
Scientific Name: Gadus morhua
Location: Guinea Coast
Region: North Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Abundance of fish off the White Cape coast.
📖 Full Translated Text:
French fishermen from the coasts of Guyenne, Aunis, Brittany and Normandy used to send their fishing boats to Cap Blanc. They would leave in winter and return to ports in Spain, Portugal and the Mediterranean to sell their fish for consumption during Lent. This was done in La Rochelle, Saint Malo, Honfleur, Dieppe and other ports. Fishing took place between Cap Blanc and Cap Velles, where fish were often so abundant that more than three hundred ships were needed to catch them. It is true that the fishermen were often pursued by both coastal privateers and Muslims, who were often attracted to these waters. Today, the area is rarely visited by fishermen since the discovery of the Newfoundland coast of Canada, where cod fishing takes place annually. Nowadays, fish is much better consumed either fresh or dried than it was from the African coast, where the product is now taken to neighbouring islands. Fishermen no longer bring anything back to Europe, and the memory of these fisheries has even been lost in several ports in France and Spain, from where merchants used to send them every year. In the past, as now, ships sailing to India, the Canary Islands or along the coast of Africa did not fail to fish there and in a short time caught such a large quantity of sardines that they not only had enough for several meals, but also salted some every night to have a small special supply.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Gadus morhua - "Cod" - [FR: Morue]

ID: 245 | ID2: 20
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Morue
Vernacular Name: Cod
Scientific Name: Gadus morhua
Location: Cap Blanc, West African Coast.
Region: South Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
French fishermen from the coasts of Guyenne, Aunis, Brittany and Normandy used to send their fishing boats to Cap Blanc. They would leave in winter and return to ports in Spain, Portugal and the Mediterranean to sell their fish for consumption during Lent. This was done in La Rochelle, Saint Malo, Honfleur, Dieppe and other ports.
📖 Full Translated Text:
French fishermen from the coasts of Guyenne, Aunis, Brittany and Normandy used to send their fishing boats to Cap Blanc. They would leave in winter and return to ports in Spain, Portugal and the Mediterranean to sell their fish for consumption during Lent. This was done in La Rochelle, Saint Malo, Honfleur, Dieppe and other ports. Fishing took place between Cap Blanc and Cap Velles, where fish were often so abundant that more than three hundred ships were needed to catch them. It is true that the fishermen were often pursued by both coastal privateers and Muslims, who were often attracted to these waters. Today, the area is rarely visited by fishermen since the discovery of the Newfoundland coast of Canada, where cod fishing takes place annually. Nowadays, fish is much better consumed either fresh or dried than it was from the African coast, where the product is now taken to neighbouring islands. Fishermen no longer bring anything back to Europe, and the memory of these fisheries has even been lost in several ports in France and Spain, from where merchants used to send them every year. In the past, as now, ships sailing to India, the Canary Islands or along the coast of Africa did not fail to fish there and in a short time caught such a large quantity of sardines that they not only had enough for several meals, but also salted some every night to have a small special supply.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Gadus morhua - "Cod" - [FR: Morue]

ID: 246 | ID2: 20
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Morue
Vernacular Name: Cod
Scientific Name: Gadus morhua
Location: Cap Blanc, West African Coast.
Region: South Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Fishing took place between Cap Blanc and Cap Velles, where fish were often so abundant that more than three hundred ships were needed to catch them.
📖 Full Translated Text:
French fishermen from the coasts of Guyenne, Aunis, Brittany and Normandy used to send their fishing boats to Cap Blanc. They would leave in winter and return to ports in Spain, Portugal and the Mediterranean to sell their fish for consumption during Lent. This was done in La Rochelle, Saint Malo, Honfleur, Dieppe and other ports. Fishing took place between Cap Blanc and Cap Velles, where fish were often so abundant that more than three hundred ships were needed to catch them. It is true that the fishermen were often pursued by both coastal privateers and Muslims, who were often attracted to these waters. Today, the area is rarely visited by fishermen since the discovery of the Newfoundland coast of Canada, where cod fishing takes place annually. Nowadays, fish is much better consumed either fresh or dried than it was from the African coast, where the product is now taken to neighbouring islands. Fishermen no longer bring anything back to Europe, and the memory of these fisheries has even been lost in several ports in France and Spain, from where merchants used to send them every year. In the past, as now, ships sailing to India, the Canary Islands or along the coast of Africa did not fail to fish there and in a short time caught such a large quantity of sardines that they not only had enough for several meals, but also salted some every night to have a small special supply.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Gadus morhua - "Cod" - [FR: Morue]

ID: 247 | ID2: 20
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Morue
Vernacular Name: Cod
Scientific Name: Gadus morhua
Location: Cap Blanc, West African Coast.
Region: South Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Fishing Techniques & Equipment
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Fishing took place between Cap Blanc and Cap Velles, where fish were often so abundant that more than three hundred ships were needed to catch them.
📖 Full Translated Text:
French fishermen from the coasts of Guyenne, Aunis, Brittany and Normandy used to send their fishing boats to Cap Blanc. They would leave in winter and return to ports in Spain, Portugal and the Mediterranean to sell their fish for consumption during Lent. This was done in La Rochelle, Saint Malo, Honfleur, Dieppe and other ports. Fishing took place between Cap Blanc and Cap Velles, where fish were often so abundant that more than three hundred ships were needed to catch them. It is true that the fishermen were often pursued by both coastal privateers and Muslims, who were often attracted to these waters. Today, the area is rarely visited by fishermen since the discovery of the Newfoundland coast of Canada, where cod fishing takes place annually. Nowadays, fish is much better consumed either fresh or dried than it was from the African coast, where the product is now taken to neighbouring islands. Fishermen no longer bring anything back to Europe, and the memory of these fisheries has even been lost in several ports in France and Spain, from where merchants used to send them every year. In the past, as now, ships sailing to India, the Canary Islands or along the coast of Africa did not fail to fish there and in a short time caught such a large quantity of sardines that they not only had enough for several meals, but also salted some every night to have a small special supply.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Gadus morhua - "Cod" - [FR: Morue]

ID: 248 | ID2: 20
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Morue
Vernacular Name: Cod
Scientific Name: Gadus morhua
Location: Cap Blanc, West African Coast.
Region: South Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Trade & Commerce
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Nowadays, fish is much better consumed either fresh or dried [coming from newfoundland] than it was from the African coast, where the product is now taken to neighbouring islands.
📖 Full Translated Text:
French fishermen from the coasts of Guyenne, Aunis, Brittany and Normandy used to send their fishing boats to Cap Blanc. They would leave in winter and return to ports in Spain, Portugal and the Mediterranean to sell their fish for consumption during Lent. This was done in La Rochelle, Saint Malo, Honfleur, Dieppe and other ports. Fishing took place between Cap Blanc and Cap Velles, where fish were often so abundant that more than three hundred ships were needed to catch them. It is true that the fishermen were often pursued by both coastal privateers and Muslims, who were often attracted to these waters. Today, the area is rarely visited by fishermen since the discovery of the Newfoundland coast of Canada, where cod fishing takes place annually. Nowadays, fish is much better consumed either fresh or dried than it was from the African coast, where the product is now taken to neighbouring islands. Fishermen no longer bring anything back to Europe, and the memory of these fisheries has even been lost in several ports in France and Spain, from where merchants used to send them every year. In the past, as now, ships sailing to India, the Canary Islands or along the coast of Africa did not fail to fish there and in a short time caught such a large quantity of sardines that they not only had enough for several meals, but also salted some every night to have a small special supply.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Gadus morhua - "Cod" - [FR: Morue]

ID: 249 | ID2: 20
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Morue
Vernacular Name: Cod
Scientific Name: Gadus morhua
Location: Cap Blanc, West African Coast.
Region: South Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Consumption, Use & Preparations
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Nowadays, fish is much better consumed either fresh or dried [coming from newfoundland] than it was from the African coast, where the product is now taken to neighbouring islands.
📖 Full Translated Text:
French fishermen from the coasts of Guyenne, Aunis, Brittany and Normandy used to send their fishing boats to Cap Blanc. They would leave in winter and return to ports in Spain, Portugal and the Mediterranean to sell their fish for consumption during Lent. This was done in La Rochelle, Saint Malo, Honfleur, Dieppe and other ports. Fishing took place between Cap Blanc and Cap Velles, where fish were often so abundant that more than three hundred ships were needed to catch them. It is true that the fishermen were often pursued by both coastal privateers and Muslims, who were often attracted to these waters. Today, the area is rarely visited by fishermen since the discovery of the Newfoundland coast of Canada, where cod fishing takes place annually. Nowadays, fish is much better consumed either fresh or dried than it was from the African coast, where the product is now taken to neighbouring islands. Fishermen no longer bring anything back to Europe, and the memory of these fisheries has even been lost in several ports in France and Spain, from where merchants used to send them every year. In the past, as now, ships sailing to India, the Canary Islands or along the coast of Africa did not fail to fish there and in a short time caught such a large quantity of sardines that they not only had enough for several meals, but also salted some every night to have a small special supply.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Gadus morhua - "Cod" - [FR: Morue]

ID: 250 | ID2: 20
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Morue
Vernacular Name: Cod
Scientific Name: Gadus morhua
Location: Cap Blanc, West African Coast.
Region: South Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Trade & Commerce
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Fishermen no longer bring anything back to Europe, and the memory of these fisheries has even been lost in several ports in France and Spain, from where merchants used to send them every year. In the past, as now, ships sailing to India, the Canary Islands or along the coast of Africa did not fail to fish there and in a short time caught such a large quantity of sardines that they not only had enough for several meals, but also salted some every night to have a small special supply.
📖 Full Translated Text:
French fishermen from the coasts of Guyenne, Aunis, Brittany and Normandy used to send their fishing boats to Cap Blanc. They would leave in winter and return to ports in Spain, Portugal and the Mediterranean to sell their fish for consumption during Lent. This was done in La Rochelle, Saint Malo, Honfleur, Dieppe and other ports. Fishing took place between Cap Blanc and Cap Velles, where fish were often so abundant that more than three hundred ships were needed to catch them. It is true that the fishermen were often pursued by both coastal privateers and Muslims, who were often attracted to these waters. Today, the area is rarely visited by fishermen since the discovery of the Newfoundland coast of Canada, where cod fishing takes place annually. Nowadays, fish is much better consumed either fresh or dried than it was from the African coast, where the product is now taken to neighbouring islands. Fishermen no longer bring anything back to Europe, and the memory of these fisheries has even been lost in several ports in France and Spain, from where merchants used to send them every year. In the past, as now, ships sailing to India, the Canary Islands or along the coast of Africa did not fail to fish there and in a short time caught such a large quantity of sardines that they not only had enough for several meals, but also salted some every night to have a small special supply.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (3)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Mollusca - "Shellfish" - [FR: Coquillage]

ID: 251 | ID2: 21
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Coquillage
Vernacular Name: Shellfish
Scientific Name: Mollusca
Location: Senegal
Region: North Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Abundance of shellfish on the Guinea and Senegalese coastlines
📖 Full Translated Text:
(Draft letter to Mr Raudot). Memoir for Senegal. In the marshes along the Senegal River, there is a species of bird that the natives call Guyambe, which has the plumage and size of one of our large Indian chickens but is shorter on its feet. Its singularity consists of a horn on the top of its head, which has led curious cabinet collectors to give it the name rhinoceros bird, and in some cases, the head with the horn detaches quite easily from the skull. The Negroes to whom we have spoken about this bird and who are familiar with it assure us that there are two species, one aquatic and the other woodland. The former build their nests among the reeds, while the latter perch and build their nests in trees. There is a picture of such a bird in Mr. de Gennes's account of his voyage. It would be a curiosity worthy of the majesty of the king to have some of these birds brought here alive, where they could easily multiply. The peoples of Africa eat them, and the civilised Negroes among us assure us that the meat is good and very delicious. I have the honour of enclosing, as you requested, the short memorandum on the rhinoceros bird of which I spoke to you. If you give this commission to a man of some intelligence, I am convinced that you will enable us to see alive what is unknown to most naturalists and of which I have only ever seen two heads, one of which I returned to the Capuchins of Rouen and the other which is in the cabinet of the director of the (seized) property of the religious orders of Normandy. The first was crude. The horn on the head had fallen off, but the other was still there. Although we have not been brought any shells from Guinea and Senegal, the rocky coasts provide them, and the sands always have their own. As for what the interior of the country produces, I am sure you are better informed than I, who know only wax, elephant teeth (morfil), gums, dates and other fruits of the country. (additions: or that ten leagues away, the Negroes have gold dust) I humbly beg you, sir, to allow me to offer you my respectful regards. I recall that we have received no response to the memorandum on fishing that we sent to Messrs Saint Ovid and Dumez on ?le Royale, nor to Saint Domingue or Cayenne. I would be infinitely grateful if you would be so kind as to submit these reports again the next time you have any orders to give them. I am always ready to receive here those you wish to send me, etc.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (5)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Bucerotidae - "Hornbill" - [FR: Oiseau Rhinoceros]

ID: 252 | ID2: 21
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Oiseau Rhinoceros
Vernacular Name: Hornbill
Scientific Name: Bucerotidae
Location: Senegal
Region: North Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
In the marshes along the Senegal River, there is a species of bird that the natives call Guyambe, which has the plumage and size of one of our large Indian chickens but is shorter on its feet. Its singularity consists of a horn on the top of its head, which has led curious cabinet collectors to give it the name rhinoceros bird, and in some cases, the head with the horn detaches quite easily from the skull.
📖 Full Translated Text:
(Draft letter to Mr Raudot). Memoir for Senegal. In the marshes along the Senegal River, there is a species of bird that the natives call Guyambe, which has the plumage and size of one of our large Indian chickens but is shorter on its feet. Its singularity consists of a horn on the top of its head, which has led curious cabinet collectors to give it the name rhinoceros bird, and in some cases, the head with the horn detaches quite easily from the skull. The Negroes to whom we have spoken about this bird and who are familiar with it assure us that there are two species, one aquatic and the other woodland. The former build their nests among the reeds, while the latter perch and build their nests in trees. There is a picture of such a bird in Mr. de Gennes's account of his voyage. It would be a curiosity worthy of the majesty of the king to have some of these birds brought here alive, where they could easily multiply. The peoples of Africa eat them, and the civilised Negroes among us assure us that the meat is good and very delicious. I have the honour of enclosing, as you requested, the short memorandum on the rhinoceros bird of which I spoke to you. If you give this commission to a man of some intelligence, I am convinced that you will enable us to see alive what is unknown to most naturalists and of which I have only ever seen two heads, one of which I returned to the Capuchins of Rouen and the other which is in the cabinet of the director of the (seized) property of the religious orders of Normandy. The first was crude. The horn on the head had fallen off, but the other was still there. Although we have not been brought any shells from Guinea and Senegal, the rocky coasts provide them, and the sands always have their own. As for what the interior of the country produces, I am sure you are better informed than I, who know only wax, elephant teeth (morfil), gums, dates and other fruits of the country. (additions: or that ten leagues away, the Negroes have gold dust) I humbly beg you, sir, to allow me to offer you my respectful regards. I recall that we have received no response to the memorandum on fishing that we sent to Messrs Saint Ovid and Dumez on ?le Royale, nor to Saint Domingue or Cayenne. I would be infinitely grateful if you would be so kind as to submit these reports again the next time you have any orders to give them. I am always ready to receive here those you wish to send me, etc.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (5)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Bucerotidae - "Hornbill" - [FR: Oiseau Rhinoceros]

ID: 253 | ID2: 21
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Oiseau Rhinoceros
Vernacular Name: Hornbill
Scientific Name: Bucerotidae
Location: Senegal
Region: North Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Natural History Interest
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
There is a picture of such a bird in Mr. de Gennes's account of his voyage. It would be a curiosity worthy of the majesty of the king to have some of these birds brought here alive, where they could easily multiply.
📖 Full Translated Text:
(Draft letter to Mr Raudot). Memoir for Senegal. In the marshes along the Senegal River, there is a species of bird that the natives call Guyambe, which has the plumage and size of one of our large Indian chickens but is shorter on its feet. Its singularity consists of a horn on the top of its head, which has led curious cabinet collectors to give it the name rhinoceros bird, and in some cases, the head with the horn detaches quite easily from the skull. The Negroes to whom we have spoken about this bird and who are familiar with it assure us that there are two species, one aquatic and the other woodland. The former build their nests among the reeds, while the latter perch and build their nests in trees. There is a picture of such a bird in Mr. de Gennes's account of his voyage. It would be a curiosity worthy of the majesty of the king to have some of these birds brought here alive, where they could easily multiply. The peoples of Africa eat them, and the civilised Negroes among us assure us that the meat is good and very delicious. I have the honour of enclosing, as you requested, the short memorandum on the rhinoceros bird of which I spoke to you. If you give this commission to a man of some intelligence, I am convinced that you will enable us to see alive what is unknown to most naturalists and of which I have only ever seen two heads, one of which I returned to the Capuchins of Rouen and the other which is in the cabinet of the director of the (seized) property of the religious orders of Normandy. The first was crude. The horn on the head had fallen off, but the other was still there. Although we have not been brought any shells from Guinea and Senegal, the rocky coasts provide them, and the sands always have their own. As for what the interior of the country produces, I am sure you are better informed than I, who know only wax, elephant teeth (morfil), gums, dates and other fruits of the country. (additions: or that ten leagues away, the Negroes have gold dust) I humbly beg you, sir, to allow me to offer you my respectful regards. I recall that we have received no response to the memorandum on fishing that we sent to Messrs Saint Ovid and Dumez on ?le Royale, nor to Saint Domingue or Cayenne. I would be infinitely grateful if you would be so kind as to submit these reports again the next time you have any orders to give them. I am always ready to receive here those you wish to send me, etc.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (5)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Bucerotidae - "Hornbill" - [FR: Oiseau Rhinoceros]

ID: 254 | ID2: 21
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Oiseau Rhinoceros
Vernacular Name: Hornbill
Scientific Name: Bucerotidae
Location: Senegal
Region: North Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Consumption, Use & Preparations
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
The peoples of Africa eat the hornbill and assure the meat is delicious.
📖 Full Translated Text:
(Draft letter to Mr Raudot). Memoir for Senegal. In the marshes along the Senegal River, there is a species of bird that the natives call Guyambe, which has the plumage and size of one of our large Indian chickens but is shorter on its feet. Its singularity consists of a horn on the top of its head, which has led curious cabinet collectors to give it the name rhinoceros bird, and in some cases, the head with the horn detaches quite easily from the skull. The Negroes to whom we have spoken about this bird and who are familiar with it assure us that there are two species, one aquatic and the other woodland. The former build their nests among the reeds, while the latter perch and build their nests in trees. There is a picture of such a bird in Mr. de Gennes's account of his voyage. It would be a curiosity worthy of the majesty of the king to have some of these birds brought here alive, where they could easily multiply. The peoples of Africa eat them, and the civilised Negroes among us assure us that the meat is good and very delicious. I have the honour of enclosing, as you requested, the short memorandum on the rhinoceros bird of which I spoke to you. If you give this commission to a man of some intelligence, I am convinced that you will enable us to see alive what is unknown to most naturalists and of which I have only ever seen two heads, one of which I returned to the Capuchins of Rouen and the other which is in the cabinet of the director of the (seized) property of the religious orders of Normandy. The first was crude. The horn on the head had fallen off, but the other was still there. Although we have not been brought any shells from Guinea and Senegal, the rocky coasts provide them, and the sands always have their own. As for what the interior of the country produces, I am sure you are better informed than I, who know only wax, elephant teeth (morfil), gums, dates and other fruits of the country. (additions: or that ten leagues away, the Negroes have gold dust) I humbly beg you, sir, to allow me to offer you my respectful regards. I recall that we have received no response to the memorandum on fishing that we sent to Messrs Saint Ovid and Dumez on ?le Royale, nor to Saint Domingue or Cayenne. I would be infinitely grateful if you would be so kind as to submit these reports again the next time you have any orders to give them. I am always ready to receive here those you wish to send me, etc.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (5)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Bucerotidae - "Hornbill" - [FR: Oiseau Rhinoceros]

ID: 255 | ID2: 21
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Oiseau Rhinoceros
Vernacular Name: Hornbill
Scientific Name: Bucerotidae
Location: Senegal
Region: North Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1722
Data Type: Natural History Interest
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
I have the honour of enclosing, as you requested, the short memorandum on the rhinoceros bird of which I spoke to you. If you give this commission to a man of some intelligence, I am convinced that you will enable us to see alive what is unknown to most naturalists and of which I have only ever seen two heads, one of which I returned to the Capuchins of Rouen and the other which is in the cabinet of the director of the (seized) property of the religious orders of Normandy.
📖 Full Translated Text:
(Draft letter to Mr Raudot). Memoir for Senegal. In the marshes along the Senegal River, there is a species of bird that the natives call Guyambe, which has the plumage and size of one of our large Indian chickens but is shorter on its feet. Its singularity consists of a horn on the top of its head, which has led curious cabinet collectors to give it the name rhinoceros bird, and in some cases, the head with the horn detaches quite easily from the skull. The Negroes to whom we have spoken about this bird and who are familiar with it assure us that there are two species, one aquatic and the other woodland. The former build their nests among the reeds, while the latter perch and build their nests in trees. There is a picture of such a bird in Mr. de Gennes's account of his voyage. It would be a curiosity worthy of the majesty of the king to have some of these birds brought here alive, where they could easily multiply. The peoples of Africa eat them, and the civilised Negroes among us assure us that the meat is good and very delicious. I have the honour of enclosing, as you requested, the short memorandum on the rhinoceros bird of which I spoke to you. If you give this commission to a man of some intelligence, I am convinced that you will enable us to see alive what is unknown to most naturalists and of which I have only ever seen two heads, one of which I returned to the Capuchins of Rouen and the other which is in the cabinet of the director of the (seized) property of the religious orders of Normandy. The first was crude. The horn on the head had fallen off, but the other was still there. Although we have not been brought any shells from Guinea and Senegal, the rocky coasts provide them, and the sands always have their own. As for what the interior of the country produces, I am sure you are better informed than I, who know only wax, elephant teeth (morfil), gums, dates and other fruits of the country. (additions: or that ten leagues away, the Negroes have gold dust) I humbly beg you, sir, to allow me to offer you my respectful regards. I recall that we have received no response to the memorandum on fishing that we sent to Messrs Saint Ovid and Dumez on ?le Royale, nor to Saint Domingue or Cayenne. I would be infinitely grateful if you would be so kind as to submit these reports again the next time you have any orders to give them. I am always ready to receive here those you wish to send me, etc.
Source: ANF, 127AP3-8 Senegal-Guinea (5)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Trichechus inunguis - "Manatee" - [FR: Lamentin]

ID: 256 | ID2: 22
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Lamentin
Vernacular Name: Manatee
Scientific Name: Trichechus inunguis
Location: Cayenne, French Guina.
Region: North Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1729
Data Type: Observation
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Observed abundance of manatee in the Cayenne rivers. Common in large rivers.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Cayenne, Fish found in the province of Guyana. The manatee has a woman's breast, a cow's snout and two fins which it uses to carry and nurse its young. It grazes on grass along rivers. It is an excellent fresh salted fish. It provides meat as tender as pork. One was caught in Cayenne that yielded eight hundred and sixty pounds of meat. It is very common in all large rivers. It is very healthy. Sieur Barr?re, a doctor, drew one. There are five or six species of turtles. Those of the Amazons are caught in fresh water. Their meat is white and their fat is yellow. It is the best. Some weigh forty to fifty pounds. Land turtles are round and long. Sea turtles are caught in the coves in March, April and May, when they go to lay their eggs. We work in shifts at night, turning them over. Two turtles usually make a barrel of two hundred pounds of meat. They purify the blood. The caouanne is a larger turtle used to make oil. The negroes eat it. It is roughly shaped like an imperial carriage. Sieur Barr?re has drawn one. All these turtles are very common. The carr? (caret) is rare. It is said to be common in the Devil's Islands, twelve or fifteen leagues from Cayenne. The labrus is a very good fish that is caught with a line.
Source: Cayenne-Guyane (2)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Trichechus inunguis - "Manatee" - [FR: Lamentin]

ID: 257 | ID2: 22
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Lamentin
Vernacular Name: Manatee
Scientific Name: Trichechus inunguis
Location: Cayenne, French Guina.
Region: North Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1729
Data Type: Natural History Interest
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
Sieur Barr?re, a doctor, drew one.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Cayenne, Fish found in the province of Guyana. The manatee has a woman's breast, a cow's snout and two fins which it uses to carry and nurse its young. It grazes on grass along rivers. It is an excellent fresh salted fish. It provides meat as tender as pork. One was caught in Cayenne that yielded eight hundred and sixty pounds of meat. It is very common in all large rivers. It is very healthy. Sieur Barr?re, a doctor, drew one. There are five or six species of turtles. Those of the Amazons are caught in fresh water. Their meat is white and their fat is yellow. It is the best. Some weigh forty to fifty pounds. Land turtles are round and long. Sea turtles are caught in the coves in March, April and May, when they go to lay their eggs. We work in shifts at night, turning them over. Two turtles usually make a barrel of two hundred pounds of meat. They purify the blood. The caouanne is a larger turtle used to make oil. The negroes eat it. It is roughly shaped like an imperial carriage. Sieur Barr?re has drawn one. All these turtles are very common. The carr? (caret) is rare. It is said to be common in the Devil's Islands, twelve or fifteen leagues from Cayenne. The labrus is a very good fish that is caught with a line.
Source: Cayenne-Guyane (2)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗

Trichechus inunguis - "Manatee" - [FR: Lamentin]

ID: 258 | ID2: 22
Document Type: Received
Original French Name: Lamentin
Vernacular Name: Manatee
Scientific Name: Trichechus inunguis
Location: Cayenne, French Guina.
Region: North Atlantic
Ocean: Atlantic
Year: 1729
Data Type: Consumption, Use & Preparations
📝 Data Remarks / Observations:
It provides meat as tender as pork. [...] it is very good, it is very healthy.
📖 Full Translated Text:
Cayenne, Fish found in the province of Guyana. The manatee has a woman's breast, a cow's snout and two fins which it uses to carry and nurse its young. It grazes on grass along rivers. It is an excellent fresh salted fish. It provides meat as tender as pork. One was caught in Cayenne that yielded eight hundred and sixty pounds of meat. It is very common in all large rivers. It is very healthy. Sieur Barr?re, a doctor, drew one. There are five or six species of turtles. Those of the Amazons are caught in fresh water. Their meat is white and their fat is yellow. It is the best. Some weigh forty to fifty pounds. Land turtles are round and long. Sea turtles are caught in the coves in March, April and May, when they go to lay their eggs. We work in shifts at night, turning them over. Two turtles usually make a barrel of two hundred pounds of meat. They purify the blood. The caouanne is a larger turtle used to make oil. The negroes eat it. It is roughly shaped like an imperial carriage. Sieur Barr?re has drawn one. All these turtles are very common. The carr? (caret) is rare. It is said to be common in the Devil's Islands, twelve or fifteen leagues from Cayenne. The labrus is a very good fish that is caught with a line.
Source: Cayenne-Guyane (2)
Recorded By: Emma Millet
Original Document: View Source ↗