MDPOD - Masson du Parc Online Database

The Gulf of Bengal does not produce large shellfish. Only oysters, jonquaet [?] and mussels, these three types of shellfish. They are used to make lime for houses and to eat with betel. The Bengalese drill holes in shells, which they then bind together with string, and join the shells with Spanish wax and small copper or silver nails to make bracelets for gentlewomen. There are many workers who do this work, and they produce a large quantity. In the rivers and on the banks when the sea recedes, they collect these shells and load them onto their boats to make lime. I will describe below how these chanques are fished, as I have seen it done. There are not many mussels, as they are poisonous, but the oysters are large in Bengal. They are only good in stews. The Indians do not eat them. Only Europeans eat them. Sometimes pearl seeds are found in oysters in Balasore in the neighbouring rivers. There are many birds that always live on the seashore at Balasore, such as white and black cormorants and three kinds of jasper. There are two kinds of knights, two kinds of white cul, two kinds of red ducks and white marquette, white and grey geese, and another species of black and white goose with a flesh crest on its nose. They are called sarangues, sea larks, land larks, two kinds of white egrets for their size, cormorants, which are the scoters of this country, two kinds of papangues (parrots), vultures and many other birds whose names I do not know. There is no seaweed on the shore of Balasore or in the Ganges. The fishermen of Balasore wear only a piece of cloth as wide as two hands to cover their nakedness, tied with a rope to their waist, without a cap or hat, because they get wet with their nets in the sea water (margin: see behind). They do this to spare their clothes. Along the coast from Orisola to Ganian, there are several rivers. In November, December and January, the fishermen go out to sea to catch different kinds of fish. From Ganian to Machilipatnam, they do the same thing. In Machilipatnam, there are small oysters that are good and different kinds of fish. They fish with catamarans and do the same thing all along the Coromandel coast to Nagappattinam. The catamarans are made of three pieces of light wood tied together with two ropes like a raft. There are two men on board, and they swim with paddles that serve as rudders. They also put up a mast and a barrel of water. Some carry two or three barrels. They are larger and have two sails. These catamarans suffer greatly in bad weather. The fishermen are always in the water.

The Gulf of Bengal does not produce large shellfish. Only oysters, jonquaet [?] and mussels, these three types of shellfish. They are used to make lime for houses and to eat with betel. The Bengalese drill holes in shells, which they then bind together with string, and join the shells with Spanish wax and small copper or silver nails to make bracelets for gentlewomen. There are many workers who do this work, and they produce a large quantity. In the rivers and on the banks when the sea recedes, they collect these shells and load them onto their boats to make lime. I will describe below how these chanques are fished, as I have seen it done. There are not many mussels, as they are poisonous, but the oysters are large in Bengal. They are only good in stews. The Indians do not eat them. Only Europeans eat them. Sometimes pearl seeds are found in oysters in Balasore in the neighbouring rivers. There are many birds that always live on the seashore at Balasore, such as white and black cormorants and three kinds of jasper. There are two kinds of knights, two kinds of white cul, two kinds of red ducks and white marquette, white and grey geese, and another species of black and white goose with a flesh crest on its nose. They are called sarangues, sea larks, land larks, two kinds of white egrets for their size, cormorants, which are the scoters of this country, two kinds of papangues (parrots), vultures and many other birds whose names I do not know. There is no seaweed on the shore of Balasore or in the Ganges. The fishermen of Balasore wear only a piece of cloth as wide as two hands to cover their nakedness, tied with a rope to their waist, without a cap or hat, because they get wet with their nets in the sea water (margin: see behind). They do this to spare their clothes. Along the coast from Orisola to Ganian, there are several rivers. In November, December and January, the fishermen go out to sea to catch different kinds of fish. From Ganian to Machilipatnam, they do the same thing. In Machilipatnam, there are small oysters that are good and different kinds of fish. They fish with catamarans and do the same thing all along the Coromandel coast to Nagappattinam. The catamarans are made of three pieces of light wood tied together with two ropes like a raft. There are two men on board, and they swim with paddles that serve as rudders. They also put up a mast and a barrel of water. Some carry two or three barrels. They are larger and have two sails. These catamarans suffer greatly in bad weather. The fishermen are always in the water.

The Gulf of Bengal does not produce large shellfish. Only oysters, jonquaet [?] and mussels, these three types of shellfish. They are used to make lime for houses and to eat with betel. The Bengalese drill holes in shells, which they then bind together with string, and join the shells with Spanish wax and small copper or silver nails to make bracelets for gentlewomen. There are many workers who do this work, and they produce a large quantity. In the rivers and on the banks when the sea recedes, they collect these shells and load them onto their boats to make lime. I will describe below how these chanques are fished, as I have seen it done. There are not many mussels, as they are poisonous, but the oysters are large in Bengal. They are only good in stews. The Indians do not eat them. Only Europeans eat them. Sometimes pearl seeds are found in oysters in Balasore in the neighbouring rivers. There are many birds that always live on the seashore at Balasore, such as white and black cormorants and three kinds of jasper. There are two kinds of knights, two kinds of white cul, two kinds of red ducks and white marquette, white and grey geese, and another species of black and white goose with a flesh crest on its nose. They are called sarangues, sea larks, land larks, two kinds of white egrets for their size, cormorants, which are the scoters of this country, two kinds of papangues (parrots), vultures and many other birds whose names I do not know. There is no seaweed on the shore of Balasore or in the Ganges. The fishermen of Balasore wear only a piece of cloth as wide as two hands to cover their nakedness, tied with a rope to their waist, without a cap or hat, because they get wet with their nets in the sea water (margin: see behind). They do this to spare their clothes. Along the coast from Orisola to Ganian, there are several rivers. In November, December and January, the fishermen go out to sea to catch different kinds of fish. From Ganian to Machilipatnam, they do the same thing. In Machilipatnam, there are small oysters that are good and different kinds of fish. They fish with catamarans and do the same thing all along the Coromandel coast to Nagappattinam. The catamarans are made of three pieces of light wood tied together with two ropes like a raft. There are two men on board, and they swim with paddles that serve as rudders. They also put up a mast and a barrel of water. Some carry two or three barrels. They are larger and have two sails. These catamarans suffer greatly in bad weather. The fishermen are always in the water.

The Gulf of Bengal does not produce large shellfish. Only oysters, jonquaet [?] and mussels, these three types of shellfish. They are used to make lime for houses and to eat with betel. The Bengalese drill holes in shells, which they then bind together with string, and join the shells with Spanish wax and small copper or silver nails to make bracelets for gentlewomen. There are many workers who do this work, and they produce a large quantity. In the rivers and on the banks when the sea recedes, they collect these shells and load them onto their boats to make lime. I will describe below how these chanques are fished, as I have seen it done. There are not many mussels, as they are poisonous, but the oysters are large in Bengal. They are only good in stews. The Indians do not eat them. Only Europeans eat them. Sometimes pearl seeds are found in oysters in Balasore in the neighbouring rivers. There are many birds that always live on the seashore at Balasore, such as white and black cormorants and three kinds of jasper. There are two kinds of knights, two kinds of white cul, two kinds of red ducks and white marquette, white and grey geese, and another species of black and white goose with a flesh crest on its nose. They are called sarangues, sea larks, land larks, two kinds of white egrets for their size, cormorants, which are the scoters of this country, two kinds of papangues (parrots), vultures and many other birds whose names I do not know. There is no seaweed on the shore of Balasore or in the Ganges. The fishermen of Balasore wear only a piece of cloth as wide as two hands to cover their nakedness, tied with a rope to their waist, without a cap or hat, because they get wet with their nets in the sea water (margin: see behind). They do this to spare their clothes. Along the coast from Orisola to Ganian, there are several rivers. In November, December and January, the fishermen go out to sea to catch different kinds of fish. From Ganian to Machilipatnam, they do the same thing. In Machilipatnam, there are small oysters that are good and different kinds of fish. They fish with catamarans and do the same thing all along the Coromandel coast to Nagappattinam. The catamarans are made of three pieces of light wood tied together with two ropes like a raft. There are two men on board, and they swim with paddles that serve as rudders. They also put up a mast and a barrel of water. Some carry two or three barrels. They are larger and have two sails. These catamarans suffer greatly in bad weather. The fishermen are always in the water.

They have only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a palm-leaf cap in which they put their letters when they board ships. The Dutch in Nagapattinam send these catamarans to carry letters to their trading posts in Sadras and Machilipatnam. To make good time in the south winds, they sail day and night, landing whenever they want in the middle of the breakers. All along the Coromandel coast, they have boats called Chelingue for unloading ships. These are boats with flat bottoms and raised ends. All the planks are sewn or tied together with coconut fibre, which is a rope made from coconut bark. These boats have no nails and can withstand the waves, passing through the breakers and running aground without breaking. These chelingues are manned by eight to nine men, depending on the size of their rudder, and have a large oar with a blade wider than normal oars. From Machilipatnam to Madras, catamarans leave the rivers and coasts all year round to go fishing at sea. They fish with nets and lines attached to the catamaran, which they lift from time to time. They catch different kinds of fish such as sea bass, mullet, pampre, bicoude, large and small rays, shrimp, caranguese and many other different fish. The entire Coromandel coast is quite rich in fish all year round. Bengal is not abundant in fish. On fish days, the meat is poor. In Madras, they have small oysters that are good to eat. As there are many ships in the harbour and a lot of cooked rice and tripe are thrown overboard, this attracts fish, which is cheap and a great help to the inhabitants. From Madras to Pondicherry, the same fish are caught all year round. In Pondicherry, they lease the river fishing rights. Only line fishing is allowed there. Those who have leased the rights fish three or four times a year, blocking the river with a wooden and earthen barrier at the top and bottom of the river's width. Then they move the barriers forward little by little, trapping the fish in a place where there is little water, where they can easily catch them and sell them to the locals, who salt them. In Pondicherry, they fish in the sea with a very large net that has a long handle. The catamarans go out to sea, set the net, and gradually bring it closer to shore, pulling it ashore with many different fish, large and small. In Pondicherry, they have small oysters in the river that are good. From Pondicherry to Fort Saint-David, they fish for the same thing. From Fort Saint-David to Portenavela, the same thing. From Portenave to Coleron along the coast, the same thing. In the Coleron River, there are many small oysters that are good to eat. From Coleron, Tranquebar, Naour to Nagappattinam, the same thing. The Dutch in Nagappattinam buy chagrin skins from fishermen for three pagodas per hundred and above.

They have only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a palm-leaf cap in which they put their letters when they board ships. The Dutch in Nagapattinam send these catamarans to carry letters to their trading posts in Sadras and Machilipatnam. To make good time in the south winds, they sail day and night, landing whenever they want in the middle of the breakers. All along the Coromandel coast, they have boats called Chelingue for unloading ships. These are boats with flat bottoms and raised ends. All the planks are sewn or tied together with coconut fibre, which is a rope made from coconut bark. These boats have no nails and can withstand the waves, passing through the breakers and running aground without breaking. These chelingues are manned by eight to nine men, depending on the size of their rudder, and have a large oar with a blade wider than normal oars. From Machilipatnam to Madras, catamarans leave the rivers and coasts all year round to go fishing at sea. They fish with nets and lines attached to the catamaran, which they lift from time to time. They catch different kinds of fish such as sea bass, mullet, pampre, bicoude, large and small rays, shrimp, caranguese and many other different fish. The entire Coromandel coast is quite rich in fish all year round. Bengal is not abundant in fish. On fish days, the meat is poor. In Madras, they have small oysters that are good to eat. As there are many ships in the harbour and a lot of cooked rice and tripe are thrown overboard, this attracts fish, which is cheap and a great help to the inhabitants. From Madras to Pondicherry, the same fish are caught all year round. In Pondicherry, they lease the river fishing rights. Only line fishing is allowed there. Those who have leased the rights fish three or four times a year, blocking the river with a wooden and earthen barrier at the top and bottom of the river's width. Then they move the barriers forward little by little, trapping the fish in a place where there is little water, where they can easily catch them and sell them to the locals, who salt them. In Pondicherry, they fish in the sea with a very large net that has a long handle. The catamarans go out to sea, set the net, and gradually bring it closer to shore, pulling it ashore with many different fish, large and small. In Pondicherry, they have small oysters in the river that are good. From Pondicherry to Fort Saint-David, they fish for the same thing. From Fort Saint-David to Portenavela, the same thing. From Portenave to Coleron along the coast, the same thing. In the Coleron River, there are many small oysters that are good to eat. From Coleron, Tranquebar, Naour to Nagappattinam, the same thing. The Dutch in Nagappattinam buy chagrin skins from fishermen for three pagodas per hundred and above.

They have only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a palm-leaf cap in which they put their letters when they board ships. The Dutch in Nagapattinam send these catamarans to carry letters to their trading posts in Sadras and Machilipatnam. To make good time in the south winds, they sail day and night, landing whenever they want in the middle of the breakers. All along the Coromandel coast, they have boats called Chelingue for unloading ships. These are boats with flat bottoms and raised ends. All the planks are sewn or tied together with coconut fibre, which is a rope made from coconut bark. These boats have no nails and can withstand the waves, passing through the breakers and running aground without breaking. These chelingues are manned by eight to nine men, depending on the size of their rudder, and have a large oar with a blade wider than normal oars. From Machilipatnam to Madras, catamarans leave the rivers and coasts all year round to go fishing at sea. They fish with nets and lines attached to the catamaran, which they lift from time to time. They catch different kinds of fish such as sea bass, mullet, pampre, bicoude, large and small rays, shrimp, caranguese and many other different fish. The entire Coromandel coast is quite rich in fish all year round. Bengal is not abundant in fish. On fish days, the meat is poor. In Madras, they have small oysters that are good to eat. As there are many ships in the harbour and a lot of cooked rice and tripe are thrown overboard, this attracts fish, which is cheap and a great help to the inhabitants. From Madras to Pondicherry, the same fish are caught all year round. In Pondicherry, they lease the river fishing rights. Only line fishing is allowed there. Those who have leased the rights fish three or four times a year, blocking the river with a wooden and earthen barrier at the top and bottom of the river's width. Then they move the barriers forward little by little, trapping the fish in a place where there is little water, where they can easily catch them and sell them to the locals, who salt them. In Pondicherry, they fish in the sea with a very large net that has a long handle. The catamarans go out to sea, set the net, and gradually bring it closer to shore, pulling it ashore with many different fish, large and small. In Pondicherry, they have small oysters in the river that are good. From Pondicherry to Fort Saint-David, they fish for the same thing. From Fort Saint-David to Portenavela, the same thing. From Portenave to Coleron along the coast, the same thing. In the Coleron River, there are many small oysters that are good to eat. From Coleron, Tranquebar, Naour to Nagappattinam, the same thing. The Dutch in Nagappattinam buy chagrin skins from fishermen for three pagodas per hundred and above.

They have only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a palm-leaf cap in which they put their letters when they board ships. The Dutch in Nagapattinam send these catamarans to carry letters to their trading posts in Sadras and Machilipatnam. To make good time in the south winds, they sail day and night, landing whenever they want in the middle of the breakers. All along the Coromandel coast, they have boats called Chelingue for unloading ships. These are boats with flat bottoms and raised ends. All the planks are sewn or tied together with coconut fibre, which is a rope made from coconut bark. These boats have no nails and can withstand the waves, passing through the breakers and running aground without breaking. These chelingues are manned by eight to nine men, depending on the size of their rudder, and have a large oar with a blade wider than normal oars. From Machilipatnam to Madras, catamarans leave the rivers and coasts all year round to go fishing at sea. They fish with nets and lines attached to the catamaran, which they lift from time to time. They catch different kinds of fish such as sea bass, mullet, pampre, bicoude, large and small rays, shrimp, caranguese and many other different fish. The entire Coromandel coast is quite rich in fish all year round. Bengal is not abundant in fish. On fish days, the meat is poor. In Madras, they have small oysters that are good to eat. As there are many ships in the harbour and a lot of cooked rice and tripe are thrown overboard, this attracts fish, which is cheap and a great help to the inhabitants. From Madras to Pondicherry, the same fish are caught all year round. In Pondicherry, they lease the river fishing rights. Only line fishing is allowed there. Those who have leased the rights fish three or four times a year, blocking the river with a wooden and earthen barrier at the top and bottom of the river's width. Then they move the barriers forward little by little, trapping the fish in a place where there is little water, where they can easily catch them and sell them to the locals, who salt them. In Pondicherry, they fish in the sea with a very large net that has a long handle. The catamarans go out to sea, set the net, and gradually bring it closer to shore, pulling it ashore with many different fish, large and small. In Pondicherry, they have small oysters in the river that are good. From Pondicherry to Fort Saint-David, they fish for the same thing. From Fort Saint-David to Portenavela, the same thing. From Portenave to Coleron along the coast, the same thing. In the Coleron River, there are many small oysters that are good to eat. From Coleron, Tranquebar, Naour to Nagappattinam, the same thing. The Dutch in Nagappattinam buy chagrin skins from fishermen for three pagodas per hundred and above.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

rays that are the same as those brought to Japan. The Dutch also import them from Siam. From Nagappattinam to Adirampattinam, which is in Mannardont Bay, Ceylon is on one side and Taniaur and Malavade on the other, forming a bay 15 leagues wide where the sea is very beautiful, sheltered by Ceylon inside the point of Nagappattinam on the side of Taniauret Malava?, half a a mile from the shore, there are many different types of seaweed, which we can see from the judge's position, meaning that there is seaweed all along the coast. In this seaweed, there are many different types of shells that wash ashore and large sponges. It is a pleasure to sail with the fishing boats in this seaweed. Adirampattinam, which is a settlement of Taniaur. Almost all of them are fishermen. Their boats are like galleys and very long, designed to carry four to five barrels, but they are good boats. They have a narrow, very high sail and oars. They often come to Nagappattinam and Tranquebar. They fish for small clams that are found in this bay as far as Toutoucouvin. The clams are large shells, as big as a fist. The large ones are twice as big. These shells are found in three or four fathoms of water. They fish for these shells all year round. The fishermen go out in two boats, with seven or eight men in each boat. The two boats move a little away from each other, drifting with the tide or the current. These fishermen are all naked, with only a piece of cloth to cover their nakedness and a net bag around their waist. Three or four people jump from the two boats and search the bottom for clams, which they put in their nets. When they have been there for a while, they come back up and grab hold of the boat to rest. The others take turns doing the same thing. They spend half a day diving, then go ashore to sell their shellfish. After diving several times, their eyes are red as blood. They go fishing there for several days. These shellfish are sold for three pagodas per thousand in the local market, which is 9 Madras rupees. The first type in proportion. The others are transported to Bengal every year, one hundred to two thousand. They are sold in Bengal for three to four rupees per hundred. The first type. The others in proportion. Throughout this bay, Chanques are fished as far as the Strait of Mannar, which is the tip of Ceylon, and the mainland called Ram Ramesetu, sixty leagues from Adirampattinam. Every two leagues there are villages whose inhabitants are exclusively Chanques and fish fishermen. As the sea is beautiful, they go fishing every day. They have nets of a hundred fathoms which they spread out and attach large buoys to. At night and in the morning, they pull up their nets with lots of fish. During the day, they do the same. In the months of October, November, December, January and February, the north wind pushes the fish into this bay. Each household assembles several boats and joins five or six hundred fathoms, extending them far out to sea and gradually bringing them closer to land, where they bring in a lot of fish and large fish of different kinds, the names of which I do not know, but I have seen this fishing. The livers of these large fish weigh 15 to 20 pounds, which they melt to extract oil for boiling all the fish. They salt it like green cod, which they sell for two to three rupees per fish, and it is very cheap in this bay, along with all kinds of fish, such as sole, mullet, sea bass, ray, eel, shrimp, trevally [?], pampres [?], sea bream, and many others.

other fish whose names I do not know, having spent only a few days on this coast. At the bottom of this bay, the tip of Ceylon is on one side and on the other, the lands of Raja Ram Ramesetuou Malava form a strait called the Mannar Strait. The seabed is rocky. There is only eight to nine feet of water when boats come from the Malabar coast to go to the Coromandel coast. They pass through this strait to avoid the route on the other side of the strait to the south and the bay of Toutoucouvin, where pearls were once fished. There has been no fishing for fifteen years. The sandbar has become covered with sand and killed the oysters. The Dutch are the masters of this fishery. They have several trading posts on this coast. Fishermen who go fishing for large chanques can only sell them to the Dutch at a low price and are strictly forbidden from selling to others under penalty of punishment. Large chanques are called janguis. The Dutch Company and private individuals bring them to Bengal, forty to fifty thousand every year. Sometimes a hundred thousand. They sell for 16 rupees per hundred in Bengal. If the Dutch Company bought them all, it could make more than a hundred thousand, but it only sells about half of what it buys from the fishermen. Shells the colour of pearls are fished in this bay, and various items are made from them on the shore. The natives of the country collect the sand, wash it and extract baroque pearl seeds, which they sell. I have seen some in Madras that are not of great value and are not expensive. They are used for medicine. When the Dutch went pearl fishing every two or three years, they would notify all the fishermen on the coast of Malabar, Toutoucouvin, Malava and Coromandel to come. In January, they would go pearl fishing. Several fishermen would get together in their boats and go to Toutoucouvin. Those who did not have boats were provided with them by the company and anchored their boats at intervals. The divers have a weight attached to a strong rope from the boat to help them reach the bottom. There are four or five fathoms of water, and when the diver has collected enough oysters, he signals by pulling on the rope. Those in the boat pay attention, pull the diver up, and put the oysters in the boat. In the evening, they go ashore and sell two-thirds of their oysters to the [Dutch] company. Merchants buy these oysters at random, leaving them in the sun to open, and then extract the pearls. I do not know the value of this catch. The pearls are not as good or as beautiful as those from Bahrain in the Gulf of Pearls near this island. The fishing takes place every year and the oysters are taken to Surat to be sold, sorted and drilled. Like most of Ceylon, the shores are rocky. Ambergris is collected there as it comes loose from the rocks, but I do not know how much is collected. It is good quality.

other fish whose names I do not know, having spent only a few days on this coast. At the bottom of this bay, the tip of Ceylon is on one side and on the other, the lands of Raja Ram Ramesetuou Malava form a strait called the Mannar Strait. The seabed is rocky. There is only eight to nine feet of water when boats come from the Malabar coast to go to the Coromandel coast. They pass through this strait to avoid the route on the other side of the strait to the south and the bay of Toutoucouvin, where pearls were once fished. There has been no fishing for fifteen years. The sandbar has become covered with sand and killed the oysters. The Dutch are the masters of this fishery. They have several trading posts on this coast. Fishermen who go fishing for large chanques can only sell them to the Dutch at a low price and are strictly forbidden from selling to others under penalty of punishment. Large chanques are called janguis. The Dutch Company and private individuals bring them to Bengal, forty to fifty thousand every year. Sometimes a hundred thousand. They sell for 16 rupees per hundred in Bengal. If the Dutch Company bought them all, it could make more than a hundred thousand, but it only sells about half of what it buys from the fishermen. Shells the colour of pearls are fished in this bay, and various items are made from them on the shore. The natives of the country collect the sand, wash it and extract baroque pearl seeds, which they sell. I have seen some in Madras that are not of great value and are not expensive. They are used for medicine. When the Dutch went pearl fishing every two or three years, they would notify all the fishermen on the coast of Malabar, Toutoucouvin, Malava and Coromandel to come. In January, they would go pearl fishing. Several fishermen would get together in their boats and go to Toutoucouvin. Those who did not have boats were provided with them by the company and anchored their boats at intervals. The divers have a weight attached to a strong rope from the boat to help them reach the bottom. There are four or five fathoms of water, and when the diver has collected enough oysters, he signals by pulling on the rope. Those in the boat pay attention, pull the diver up, and put the oysters in the boat. In the evening, they go ashore and sell two-thirds of their oysters to the [Dutch] company. Merchants buy these oysters at random, leaving them in the sun to open, and then extract the pearls. I do not know the value of this catch. The pearls are not as good or as beautiful as those from Bahrain in the Gulf of Pearls near this island. The fishing takes place every year and the oysters are taken to Surat to be sold, sorted and drilled. Like most of Ceylon, the shores are rocky. Ambergris is collected there as it comes loose from the rocks, but I do not know how much is collected. It is good quality.